problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl10304problendo-10304Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsВклад центральных регуляторов иммунного ответа в развитие заболеваний щитовидной железыThe value of central regulators of the immune response in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702ТрошинаЕкатерина АнатольевнаTroshinaEkaterina A.

д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, профессор

MD, PhD, Professor

troshina@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7960-8315СенюшкинаЕвгения СемёновнаSenyushkinaEvgeniya S.

научный сотрудник

MD

EvgeniyaSenyushkina@yandex.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation201910062020656458465Copyright © Трошина Е.А., Сенюшкина Е.С., 20192019Трошина Е.А., Сенюшкина Е.С.Troshina E.A., Senyushkina E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10304

Специфическая взаимосвязь между эндокринной и иммунной системами представлена многочисленным рядом факторов и механизмов, формирующих структуру и обеспечивающих функцию каждой из двух систем. Так, например, иммунокомпетентные клетки могут продуцировать иммунологически активные вещества, а также некоторые гормоны. С другой стороны, и сами иммунные клетки доступны воздействию гормонов. В настоящее время недостаточно изучена так называемая перекрестная регуляция эндокринных и иммунных механизмов в равновесии про- и противовоспалительных ответов. Среди прочих аутоиммунных поражений аутоиммунные тиреопатии занимают существенное место. Развитие аутоиммунного поражения щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) является сложным процессом, представляющим собой результат взаимодействия инфильтрировавших ткань лимфоцитов и тиреоцитов, способных экспрессировать широкий спектр молекул, участвующих в иммунном ответе. Иммунологические и иммуногенетические факторы играют основную роль в патогенезе аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы, таких как аутоиммунный тиреоидит (АИТ) и болезнь Грейвса (БГ). Несмотря на то, что со времени первого описания АИТ прошло более 100 лет, а БГ была известна на протяжении многих веков, механизмы развития данных патологий до сих пор окончательно не выяснены.

The specific relationship between the endocrine and immune systems is represented by a numerous number of factors and mechanisms that form the structure and ensure the function of each of the two systems. For example, immunocompetent cells can produce immunologically active substances, as well as some hormones. On the other hand, immune cells are available to the effects of endogenous hormones. Currently, the so-called cross-regulation of endocrine and immune mechanisms in an equilibrium of pro-and anti-inflammatory responses has not been sufficiently studied. Among other autoimmune lesions, autoimmune thyreopathy occupies a significant place. The development of an autoimmune lesion of the thyroid gland is a complex process, which is the result of the interaction of infiltrating lymphocyte and thyrocyte tissue that can express a wide range of molecules involved in the immune response. Immunological and immunogenetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease. Despite the fact that more than 100 years have passed since the first description of autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease has been known for many centuries, the mechanisms of these pathologies are still not fully understood.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.