problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl10364problendo-10364Research ArticleКлиническая эндокринологияClinical endocrinologyЭндоморфины: структура, локализация, иммунорегуляторная активностьEndomorphins: structure, localization, immunoregulatory activityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-3397ГейнСергей ВладимировичGeinSergey V.

д.м.н., профессор

MD, PhD, Professor

gein@iegm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-7876БаеваТатьяна АлександровнаBaevaTatyana A.

к.б.н.

PhD

simonjkaperm80@mail.ruИнститут экологии и генетики микроорганизмов – филиал ФГБУН Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук; Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияInstitute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms - branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Perm State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут экологии и генетики микроорганизмов – филиал ФГБУН Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms - branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2020040820206617886Copyright © Гейн С.В., Баева Т.А., 20202020Гейн С.В., Баева Т.А.Gein S.V., Baeva T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10364

Эндоморфины – эндогенные тетрапептиды, обладающие высокой аффинностью к μ-опиатным рецепторам. Выделено и охарактеризовано два тетрапептида, различающихся по одному аминокислотному остатку. Структура эндоморфинов отличается от структуры представителей трех основных семейств опиоидных пептидов: эндорфинов, энкефалинов и динорфинов, которые содержат одинаковую N-концевую последовательность. В центральной нервной системе эндоморфины распределены повсеместно, где они в первую очередь ответственны за антиноцицепцию. Локализация эндоморфинов в иммунной системе схожа с таковой у других опиоидных пептидов, что позволило предположить их активное участие в процессах иммунорегуляции. В настоящем обзоре суммированы современные представления о структуре эндоморфинов, их локализации, возможных внутриклеточных механизмах передачи сигнала, а также влиянии на процессы активации, пролиферации и дифференцировки клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета. Эндоморфины активно модулируют функции клеток иммунной системы, при этом если реакции адаптивного иммунитета пептиды преимущественно подавляют, то оказываемые ими эффекты на функции клеток врожденного иммунитета (гранулоциты, моноциты-макрофаги, дендритные клетки) в зависимости от условий могут иметь как угнетающую, так и стимулирующую направленность. Таким образом, эндоморфины могут являться перспективными соединениями, способными эффективно регулировать как ноцицептивные сигналы, так и процессы, протекающие в иммунной системе.

Endomorphins – endogenous tetrapeptides with the highest affinity for the µ-opioid receptor. Currently, two tetrapeptides that differ in one amino acid residue have been isolated and characterized. The structure of endomorphins differs from the structure of members of three main families of opioid peptides: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins, which contain the same N-terminal sequence. In the central nervous system, endomorphins are distributed everywhere, where they are primarily responsible for antinociception. Distribution of endomorphins in the immune system, similar to that of other opioid peptides, has allowed to suggest their active participation in the processes of immune regulation. This review summarizes modern views on the structure of endomorphins, their localization, possible intracellular mechanisms of signal transmission and their effects on the processes of activation, proliferation and differentiation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Endomorphins actively modulate the functions of the cells of the immune system. Peptides predominantly suppress adaptive immunity reactions. There effects on the functions of innate immunity cells (granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells) depending on the conditions and can have either an inhibitory or stimulating orientation. Thus, endomorphins can be promising compounds that can effectively regulate both nociceptive signals and processes in the immune system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.