The study was undertaken to assess a role of repeated fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of cystically altered thyroid nodules and to attempt to find the clinical and ultrasound indicators of their malignancy. The study covered 112 patients (94 women and 18 men; their mean age was 43±1.59 years) with cystically altered thyroid nodules whose punctures provided scanty data to establish a cytological diagnosis. After the first FNAB, the nodule was unseen at ultrasonography and did not recur. Seventy-four patients underwent repeated FNAB that was informative in 58(78.38%) of them (it yielded materials enough for cytological study; the nodule was unseen at ultrasonography). Surgery was performed in 35 patients. Histological studies revealed thyroid cancer in б (17.14%) cases. Gender, age, the size of a nodule, and the color and volume of aspirated fluid did not differ in patients with benign nodules of the thyroid and in those with its cancer. The only sign of malignancy of a cystically altered thyroid nodule was its high fluid accumulation rate. Rapid fluid accumulation was detected in (83.33%) of the 6 patients with thyroid cancer and only in 5(29.41%) of the 17 patients with benign cystically altered thyroid nodules.