<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl200955424-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-11129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунотерапия сахарного диабета 1-го типа: современное состояние проблемы и ее перспективы. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: state-of-the-art and prospects. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Никитич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptev</surname><given-names>D N</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, Факс: 8-495-124-02-66</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laptevdN@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГУ Эндокринологический научный центр Росмедтехнологий&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Endocrinology Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>ТОМ , №4 (2009)</issue-title><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лаптев Д.Н., 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаптев Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Laptev D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11129">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11129</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре обобщены экспериментальные данные проведенных иммунологических исследований при сахарном диабете. Представлены основные иммунотерапевтические направления при сахарном диабете, описаны предполагаемые механизмы создания иммунологической толерантности. Приводится краткий обзор проведенных и проводимых в настоящее время клинических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review summarizes experimental data from immunological studies in diabetes. It presents the basic immunotherapeutic areas in diabetes and describes the proposed mechanism for developing immunological tolerance. On-going clinical studies are briefly overviewed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agardh C. D., Cilio C. M., Lethagen A. et al. // J. Diabet. Compl. - 2005. - Vol. 9. - P. 238-246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agardh C. D., Cilio C. M., Lethagen A. et al. // J. Diabet. Compl. - 2005. - Vol. 9. - P. 238-246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akerblom H. K., Virtanen S. M., Ilonen J. et al. // Diabetologia. - 2005. - Vol. 48. - P. 829-837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akerblom H. K., Virtanen S. M., Ilonen J. et al. // Diabetologia. - 2005. - Vol. 48. - P. 829-837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen H. F., Klingensmith G. J., Jensen P. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 1999. - Vol. 22. - P. 1703-1707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen H. F., Klingensmith G. J., Jensen P. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 1999. - Vol. 22. - P. 1703-1707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alleva D. G., Maki R. A., Putnam A. L. et al. // Scand. J. Immunol. - 2006. - Vol. 63. - P. 59-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alleva D. G., Maki R. A., Putnam A. L. et al. // Scand. J. Immunol. - 2006. - Vol. 63. - P. 59-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson M. A., Leiter E. H. // Nat. Med. - 1999. - Vol. 5. - P. 601-604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson M. A., Leiter E. H. // Nat. Med. - 1999. - Vol. 5. - P. 601-604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson M. A. // ADA Outstanding Scientific Achievement Lecture. - 2004. - Vol. 54. - P. 1253-1263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson M. A. // ADA Outstanding Scientific Achievement Lecture. - 2004. - Vol. 54. - P. 1253-1263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bohmer K. P., Kolb H., Kuglin B. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 1994. - Vol. 17. - P. 138-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bohmer K. P., Kolb H., Kuglin B. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 1994. - Vol. 17. - P. 138-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buscema M., Vinci C., Gatta C. et al. // Metabolism. - 1992. - Vol. 41. - P. 296-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buscema M., Vinci C., Gatta C. et al. // Metabolism. - 1992. - Vol. 41. - P. 296-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carel J. C., Boitard C., Eisenbarth G. et al. // J. Autoimmun. - 1996. - Vol. 9. - P. 739-745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carel J. C., Boitard C., Eisenbarth G. et al. // J. Autoimmun. - 1996. - Vol. 9. - P. 739-745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrascomarin E., Shimizu J., Kanagawa O., Unanue E. R. // J. Immunol. - 1996. - Vol. 156. - P. 450-458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrascomarin E., Shimizu J., Kanagawa O., Unanue E. R. // J. Immunol. - 1996. - Vol. 156. - P. 450-458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatenoud L., Primo J., Bach J. F. // J. Immunol. - 1997. - Vol. 58, N 6. - P. 2947-2954.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatenoud L., Primo J., Bach J. F. // J. Immunol. - 1997. - Vol. 58, N 6. - P. 2947-2954.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatenoud L. // Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. - Basel, 2001. - Vol. 4. - P. 333-350.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatenoud L. // Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. - Basel, 2001. - Vol. 4. - P. 333-350.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corper A. L., Stratmann T., Apostolopoulos V. et al. // Science. - 2000. - Vol. 288. - P. 505-511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corper A. L., Stratmann T., Apostolopoulos V. et al. // Science. - 2000. - Vol. 288. - P. 505-511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahlquist G., Gothefors L. // Diabetologia. - 1995. - Vol. 38. - P. 873-874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahlquist G., Gothefors L. // Diabetologia. - 1995. - Vol. 38. - P. 873-874.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DPT-1 Diabetes Study Group // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2002. - Vol. 346. - P. 17685-1691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DPT-1 Diabetes Study Group // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2002. - Vol. 346. - P. 17685-1691.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elias D., Cohen I. R. // Lancet. - 1994. - Vol. 343. - P. 704-706.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elias D., Cohen I. R. // Lancet. - 1994. - Vol. 343. - P. 704-706.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliott R. B., Pilcher C. C., Stewart A. et al. // Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. - 1993. - Vol. 696. - P. 333-341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliott R. B., Pilcher C. C., Stewart A. et al. // Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. - 1993. - Vol. 696. - P. 333-341.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuchtenbusch M., Rabl W., Grassl B. et al. // Diabetologia. - 1998. - Vol. 41. - P. 536-541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuchtenbusch M., Rabl W., Grassl B. et al. // Diabetologia. - 1998. - Vol. 41. - P. 536-541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gale E. A., Bingley P. J., Emmett C. L., Collier T. // Lancet. - 2004. - Vol. 363. - P. 925-931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gale E. A., Bingley P. J., Emmett C. L., Collier T. // Lancet. - 2004. - Vol. 363. - P. 925-931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison L. C., Honeyman M. C., Steele C. E. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 2004. - Vol. 27. - P. 2348-2355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison L. C., Honeyman M. C., Steele C. E. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 2004. - Vol. 27. - P. 2348-2355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heller B., Wang Z.-Q., Wagner E. F. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. - 1997. - Vol. 270. - P. 11176-11180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heller B., Wang Z.-Q., Wagner E. F. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. - 1997. - Vol. 270. - P. 11176-11180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hummel M., Bnifacio E., Naserke H. E., Ziegler A. G. // Diabetes Care. - 2002. - Vol. 25. - P. 1111-1116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hummel M., Bnifacio E., Naserke H. E., Ziegler A. G. // Diabetes Care. - 2002. - Vol. 25. - P. 1111-1116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huppmann M., Baumgarten A., Ziegler A. G., Bonifacio E. // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - Vol. 28. - P. 204-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huppmann M., Baumgarten A., Ziegler A. G., Bonifacio E. // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - Vol. 28. - P. 204-206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huurman V. A., Decochez K., Mathieu C. et al. // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. - 2007. - Vol. 23, N 4. - P. 269-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huurman V. A., Decochez K., Mathieu C. et al. // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. - 2007. - Vol. 23, N 4. - P. 269-275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keller R. J., Eisenbarth G. S., Jackson R. A. // Lancet. - 1993. - Vol. 341. - P. 927-928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keller R. J., Eisenbarth G. S., Jackson R. A. // Lancet. - 1993. - Vol. 341. - P. 927-928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolb H., Burkart V., Appels B. et al. // J. Autoimmun. - 1990. - Vol. 3. - P. 117-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolb H., Burkart V., Appels B. et al. // J. Autoimmun. - 1990. - Vol. 3. - P. 117-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuhn R., Lohler J., Rennick D. et al. // Cell. - 1993. - Vol. 75. - P. 263-274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuhn R., Lohler J., Rennick D. et al. // Cell. - 1993. - Vol. 75. - P. 263-274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lampeter E. F., Klinghammer A., Scherbaum W. A. et al. // Diabetes. - 1998. - Vol. 47. - P. 980-984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lampeter E. F., Klinghammer A., Scherbaum W. A. et al. // Diabetes. - 1998. - Vol. 47. - P. 980-984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazar L., Ofan R., Weintrob N. et al. // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. - 2006. - Publ. online: 24 November 2006 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.711</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazar L., Ofan R., Weintrob N. et al. // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. - 2006. - Publ. online: 24 November 2006 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazarow A., Liambies J., Tausch A. J. // J. Lab. Clin. Med. - 1997. - Vol. 38. - P. 249-258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazarow A., Liambies J., Tausch A. J. // J. Lab. Clin. Med. - 1997. - Vol. 38. - P. 249-258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund T. et al. // Nature. - 1990. - Vol. 345. - P. 727-729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund T. et al. // Nature. - 1990. - Vol. 345. - P. 727-729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maki T., Ichikawa T., Blanco R., Porter J. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 1992. - Vol. 89. - P. 3434-3438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maki T., Ichikawa T., Blanco R., Porter J. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 1992. - Vol. 89. - P. 3434-3438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyazaki T. et al. // Nature. - 1990. - Vol. 345. - P. 722-724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyazaki T. et al. // Nature. - 1990. - Vol. 345. - P. 722-724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parent M. E., Siemiatycki J., Menzies R. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 1997. - Vol. 20. - P. 767-772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parent M. E., Siemiatycki J., Menzies R. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 1997. - Vol. 20. - P. 767-772.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raz I., Elias D., Avron A. et al. // Lancet. - 2001. - Vol. 358. - P. 1749-1753.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raz I., Elias D., Avron A. et al. // Lancet. - 2001. - Vol. 358. - P. 1749-1753.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raz I., Elias D., Avron A., Tamir M. // Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. - 2006. - Vol. 1079. - P. 340-344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raz I., Elias D., Avron A., Tamir M. // Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. - 2006. - Vol. 1079. - P. 340-344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reich E. P., Sherwin R. S., Kanagawa O., Janeway C. A. J. // Nature. - 1989. - Vol. 341. - P. 326-328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reich E. P., Sherwin R. S., Kanagawa O., Janeway C. A. J. // Nature. - 1989. - Vol. 341. - P. 326-328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadelain M. W., Qin H. Y., Lauzon J., Singh B. // Diabetes. - 1990. - Vol. 39. - P. 583-589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadelain M. W., Qin H. Y., Lauzon J., Singh B. // Diabetes. - 1990. - Vol. 39. - P. 583-589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schloot N. C., Meierhoff G., Lengyel C. et al. // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. - 2007. - Vol. 23, N 4. - P. 276-285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schloot N. C., Meierhoff G., Lengyel C. et al. // Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. - 2007. - Vol. 23, N 4. - P. 276-285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt D., Verdaguer J., Averill N., Santamaria P. // J. Exp. Med. - 1997. - Vol. 186. - P. 1059-1075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt D., Verdaguer J., Averill N., Santamaria P. // J. Exp. Med. - 1997. - Vol. 186. - P. 1059-1075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shull M. M., Ormsby I., Kier A. B. et al. // Nature. - 1992. - Vol. 359. - P. 693-699.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shull M. M., Ormsby I., Kier A. B. et al. // Nature. - 1992. - Vol. 359. - P. 693-699.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer S. M., Tisch R., Yang X. D., McDevitt H. O. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 1993. - Vol. 90. - P. 9566-9570.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer S. M., Tisch R., Yang X. D., McDevitt H. O. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 1993. - Vol. 90. - P. 9566-9570.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer S. M. et al. // Diabetes. - 1998. - Vol. 47. - P. 1570-1577.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer S. M. et al. // Diabetes. - 1998. - Vol. 47. - P. 1570-1577.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skyler J. S., Krischer J. P., Wolfsdorf J. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - Vol. 28. - P. 1068-1076</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skyler J. S., Krischer J. P., Wolfsdorf J. et al. // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - Vol. 28. - P. 1068-1076</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slattery R. M. et al. // Nature. - 1990. - Vol. 345. - P. 724-726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slattery R. M. et al. // Nature. - 1990. - Vol. 345. - P. 724-726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Staeva-Vieira T., Peakman M., von Herrath M. // Clin. Exp. Immunol. - 2007. - Vol. 148. - P. 17-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Staeva-Vieira T., Peakman M., von Herrath M. // Clin. Exp. Immunol. - 2007. - Vol. 148. - P. 17-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang Q. et al. // Nat. Immunol. - 2006. - Vol. 7. - P. 83-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang Q. et al. // Nat. Immunol. - 2006. - Vol. 7. - P. 83-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Todd J. A., Acha-Orbea H., Bell J. I. et al. // Science. - 1988. - Vol. 240. - P. 1003-1009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Todd J. A., Acha-Orbea H., Bell J. I. et al. // Science. - 1988. - Vol. 240. - P. 1003-1009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uehira M. et al. // Int. Immunol. - 1989. - Vol. 1. - P. 209-213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uehira M. et al. // Int. Immunol. - 1989. - Vol. 1. - P. 209-213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamada K., Nonaka K., Hanafusa T. et al. // Diabetes. - 1982. - Vol. 31. - P. 749-753.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamada K., Nonaka K., Hanafusa T. et al. // Diabetes. - 1982. - Vol. 31. - P. 749-753.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yonemura Y., Takashima T., Miwa K. et al. // Diabtes. - 1984. - Vol. 33. - P. 401-404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yonemura Y., Takashima T., Miwa K. et al. // Diabtes. - 1984. - Vol. 33. - P. 401-404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanin-Zhorov A. et al. // FASEB J. - 2003. - Vol. 17. - P. 1567-1569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanin-Zhorov A. et al. // FASEB J. - 2003. - Vol. 17. - P. 1567-1569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
