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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl11311</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-11311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности использования свободно циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови в дооперационной диагностике при новообразованиях щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The possibility of using freely circulating DNA blood plasma in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-7312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качко</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachko</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VeraF246@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-7490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванушко</surname><given-names>Владимир Эдуардович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vanushko</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач хирургического отделения, дмн, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanushko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-1544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Надежда Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач эндокринолог, дмн, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc-platonova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-9996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абросимов</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abrosimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. отделением патоморфологии, дмн, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitarusskikh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-8667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Телышева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tely`sheva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и цитогенетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">telisheva_k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-802X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снигирева</surname><given-names>Галина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snigireva</surname><given-names>Galina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной биологии и цитогенетики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sni_gal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет); Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Center of Roentgenoradiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>400</fpage><lpage>407</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Качко В.А., Ванушко В.Э., Платонова Н.М., Абросимов А.Ю., Телышева Е.Н., Снигирева Г.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Качко В.А., Ванушко В.Э., Платонова Н.М., Абросимов А.Ю., Телышева Е.Н., Снигирева Г.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kachko V.A., Vanushko V.E., Platonova N.M., Abrosimov A.Y., Tely`sheva E.N., Snigireva G.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11311">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11311</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Целесообразность использования молекулярно-генетических маркеров для диагностики новообразований щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) и прогнозирования течения рака щитовидной железы (РЩЖ) активно исследуется. Наибольший интерес представляют гены, мутации в которых ассоциированы не только с РЩЖ, но и с более агрессивным течением заболевания. Разработка и внедрение в практику методов определения молекулярно-генетических маркеров, основанных на исследовании свободно циркулирующей ДНК опухолевой ткани в плазме крови, является современным направлением медицины.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить встречаемость соматических мутаций в «горячих точках» генов BRAF, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT в циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследование включено 153 пациента. Образцы ДНК, экстрагированной из удаленной опухолевой и неопухолевой ткани ЩЖ, тестировали на наличие соматических мутаций в «горячих точках» генов BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX и TERT, а далее при выявлении мутации тестировали соответствующие образцы свободно циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Мутации в «горячих точках» гена BRAF (экзон 15, район кодонов 600–601) были обнаружены в 54 случаях, мутации в «горячих точках» гена NRAS (экзон 3, кодон 61) – в 12 случаях; мутации в горячих точках генов KRAS, TERT и EIF1AX выявлены не были. В свободно циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови мутации гена BRAF были выявлены в 1 случае, мутации гена NRAS были выявлены в 1 случае.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование свободно циркулирующей ДНК плазмы крови при тестировании исследованной выборки не показало целесообразности для диагностики новообразований щитовидной железы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. The feasibility of using molecular genetic markers for the diagnosis of thyroid tumors and the impact on the prognosis of thyroid cancer are being actively investigated. The most interesting are genes, the detection of which is associated not only with thyroid cancer, but also with a more aggressive course of the disease. The ability to diagnose the molecular profile of minimally invasive methods with the study of freely circulating DNA tumor tissue in blood plasma is a modern trend of medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>AIMS</title><p>AIMS: to evaluate the frequency of somatic mutations in the «hot spots» of BRAF, KRAS, KRAS, EIF1AX and TERT genes in circulating DNA of blood plasma.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Samples of DNA, extracted from the removed tumor and non-tumor thyroid tissue, were tested for the presence of somatic mutations in hot spots of the genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, and EIF1AX and then in identifying mutations and testing appropriate samples of free circulating DNA in blood plasma.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. mutations in the» hot spots «of the BRAF gene (exon 15, codon area 600-601) were found in 54 patients, mutations in the» hot spots « of the NRAS gene (exon 3, codon 61) – in 12 patients; mutations in the hot spots of the KRAS, TERT and EIF1AX genes were not detected. In freely circulating blood plasma DNA, BRAF gene mutations were detected in 1 case, NRAS gene mutations were detected in 1 case.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. the use of freely circulating DNA of blood plasma in the testing of the studied sample did not show the feasibility for the diagnosis of thyroid tumors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новообразования щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>свободно циркулирующая ДНК</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические исследования</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>горячие точки</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>EIF1AX</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid tumors</kwd><kwd>thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>freely circulating DNA</kwd><kwd>molecular testing</kwd><kwd>somatic mutations</kwd><kwd>hot spots</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd><kwd>EIF1AX</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельцевич Д.Г., Ванушко В.Э., Румянцев П.О. и др. 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