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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl11465</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-11465</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунотерапия при инсулинзависимом сахарном диабете</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunotherapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абугова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abugova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamhalova</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишко</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishko</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Эндокринологический научный центр РАМН&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Endocrinology research center of RAMS&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1995</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>1995</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>ТОМ 41, №4 (1995)</issue-title><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дедов И.И., Абугова И.А., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шишко П.И., 1995</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1995</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Абугова И.А., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шишко П.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dedov I.I., Abugova I.A., Shamhalova M.S., Shishko P.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11465">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11465</self-uri><abstract><p>Аутоиммунный характер инсулинзависимого сахарного диабета (ИЗСД) в настоящее время неоспорим. В 80-е годы были определены некоторые особенности его патогенеза: на бета-клетках больных с впервые выявленным ИЗСД обнаружена гиперэкспрессия антигенов HLA I класса; на бета- и альфа-клетках изолированных островков Лангерганса обнаружена экспрессия антигенов HLA II класса в комбинации с фактором некроза опухоли (ФНО-альфа) и гамма-интерфероном (гамма-ИФ); показано, что наличие или отсутствие Asp-57 в N-окончание бета1-домена HLADQ бета-цепи позитивно ассоциированы с ИЗСД у людей и NOD-мышей; выявлено, что макрофагальные интерлейкин-1 (ИЛ-1) и ФНО-альфа оказывают повреждающее действие на бета-клетки: ИЛ-1 проявляет селективную бета-клеточную цитотоксичность в низкомолярных концентрациях, а действие ИЛ-1 потенцируется ФНО-альфа; определено, что ранняя инфильтрация при развитии инсулита у ВВ-крыс обусловлена макрофагами и моноцитами, разрушение бета-клеток производят Т-хелперы и натуральные киллеры. Таким образом, аутоиммунная концепция заболевания диктует необходимость применения иммунотерапии с целью замедления развития ИЗСД.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The autoimmune nature of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is currently undeniable. In the 80s, some features of its pathogenesis were determined: on beta cells of patients with newly diagnosed IDDM, overexpression of class I HLA antigens was detected; on beta and alpha cells of isolated islets of Langerhans, expression of class II HLA antigens in combination with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IF) was detected; the presence or absence of Asp-57 in the N-end of the beta1 domain of the HLADQ beta chain has been shown to be positively associated with IDDM in humans and NOD mice; it was revealed that macrophage interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF-alpha have a damaging effect on beta cells: IL-1 exhibits selective beta-cell cytotoxicity in low molar concentrations, and the effect of IL-1 is potentiated by TNF-alpha; it was determined that early infiltration during the development of inflammation of pancreas in BB rats is caused by macrophages and monocytes; destruction of beta cells is performed by T-helpers and natural killers. Thus, the autoimmune concept of the disease necessitates the use of immunotherapy to slow the development of IDDM.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>инсулинзависимый сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>autoimmune diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клиническая иммунология и аллергология / Под ред. Л. Йегера. — М., 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Клиническая иммунология и аллергология / Под ред. Л. Йегера. — М., 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов Л. В., Агеев В. Н, Сизой М. 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