problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl11827problendo-11827Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsОксидативный стресс и его роль в развитии аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железыOxidative stress and its role in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1248-9099РыбаковаАнастасия АндреевнаRybakovaAnastasia A.

научный сотрудник отдела терапевтической эндокринологии

MD

aamamykina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-1544ПлатоноваНадежда МихайловнаPlatonovaNadezhda M.

доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела терапевтической эндокринологи

MD, ScD

doc-platonova@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702ТрошинаЕкатерина АнатольевнаTroshinaEkaterina A.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заместитель директора Центра по координации эндокринологической службы, руководитель Координационного совета, руководитель отдела терапевтической эндокринологии

MD, ScD, professor

troshina@inbox.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation201910062020656451457Copyright © Рыбакова А.А., Платонова Н.М., Трошина Е.А., 20192019Рыбакова А.А., Платонова Н.М., Трошина Е.А.Rybakova A.A., Platonova N.M., Troshina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/11827

В настоящее время известно большое количество социально значимых заболеваний, в которых тканевые повреждения сопровождаются развитием оксидативного стресса. В развитии этих заболеваний свободные радикалы играют решающую роль. Аналогичные процессы происходят под действием источников ионизирующего излучения, а также при бактериальных инфекциях. В последнее время появились научные данные, свидетельствующие о значительной роли оксидативного стресса в развитии аутоиммунных тиреопатий. Предполагается, что синтез тиреоидных гормонов зависит от концентрации Н2О2, которая из-за высокой токсичности должна находиться в строгом соответствии с активностью антиоксидантных систем. В норме, многие биохимически-неблагоприятные процессы протекают на апикальной мембране тиреоцита, что позволяет ограничить действие свободных радикалов и избежать деструкции клетки. Однако, при патологических состояниях происходит нарушение ферментативных систем и их компоненты становятся аномально активированными в цитоплазме, а это, в свою очередь, приводит к функциональным и морфологическим нарушениям. Более глубокое понимание природы оксидативного стресса и его роли в развитии АИТ может способствовать выявлению новых методов его оценки, расширению терапевтических диапазонов в отношении данного заболевания. В обзоре обсуждается оксидативный стресс, представляющий собой, накопление активных повреждающих агентов (свободных радикалов, прооксидантов, активных форм кислорода), инициирующих повреждение клеток и ведущих к развитию различных патологических состояний. Его основу составляет свободнорадикальное окисление жирных кислот, или так называемое перекисное окисление липидов.

A large number of socially significant diseases is accompanied with oxidative stress and carry with tissue damage. Free radicals play a crucial role in the development of these diseases. Similar processes occur under the influence of ionizing radiation and bacterial infections. Recently, was indicated the significant role of oxidative stress in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. It is assumed that the synthesis of thyroid hormones depends on the concentration of H2O2, which, due to its high toxicity, must be in strict accordance with the activity of antioxidant systems. Many biochemically negative processes occur on the apical membrane of the thyrocyte, which allows limiting the effect of free radicals and avoid cell destruction. However, in pathological conditions, enzymatic systems are disturbed and their components become abnormally activated in the cytoplasm, and it is leads to functional and morphological disorders. A deeper understanding of oxidative stress and its role in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis can contribute to the identification of new methods for its assessment, the expansion of therapeutic ranges for this disease. This review discusses oxidative stress, which is the accumulation of active damaging agents (free radicals, prooxidants, reactive oxygen species) that initiate cell damage and lead to the development of various pathological conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.