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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl12076</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-12076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диабетическая нефропатия: патогенез и лечение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenesis and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронцов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorontsov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>M. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ Эндокринологический научный центр РАМН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1996</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>1996</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>ТОМ 42, №4 (1996)</issue-title><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воронцов А.В., Шестакова M.В., 1996</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1996</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воронцов А.В., Шестакова M.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorontsov A.V., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12076">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12076</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время диабетическая нефропатия (ДН) является ведущей причиной инвалидизации и смертности больных сахарным диабетом (СД). Развиваясь у 40—45% больных как инсулинзависимым — ИЗСД (I тип), так и инсулиннезависимым — ИНСД (II тип) СД, это грозное осложнение приводит к развитию хронической почечной недостаточности, а в итоге — к гибели больных от уремии. Впервые поражение почек при СД было описано Р. Kimmelstiel и С. Wilson в 1936 г. Клинически оно характеризуется следующими проявлениями: нарастающей протеинурией (при неизменном мочевом осадке), артериальной гипертензией, формированием нефротического синдрома (примерно у 30% больных) и прогрессирующим снижением фильтрационной функции почек. Коварство этого осложнения СД состоит в том, что оно развивается постепенно и долгое время остается незамеченным, так как на начальных стадиях не вызывает у больного ощущения дискомфорта. А на поздних стадиях, когда наличие ДН уже не вызывает сомнений, предотвратить дальнейшее ее прогрессирование крайне сложно, а зачастую и невозможно. В нашей стране в течение многих лет использовалась классификация ДН В. Р. Клячко, в соответствии с которой выделялись пренефротическая, нефротическая и нефросклеротиче- ская стадии. По этой классификации ДН диагностируется только с момента, когда у больного появляется протеинурия, регистрируемая обычными лабораторными методами, что свидетельствует о выраженности и необратимости патологических изменений в почках. Современная классификация, выделяющая стадии, при которых еще отсутствуют клинические проявления, а выявляются только функциональные нарушения, была предложена С. Mogensen в 1983 г. (см. таблицу). В соответствии с данной классификацией первые 3 стадии обычными клиническими методами не выявляются (доклиническая стадия ДН). Наиболее информативным маркером ранних стадий ДН является определение микроальбуминурии (МАУ), под которой подразумевается экскреция альбумина с мочой в количестве от 30 до 300 мг/сут. Выявление МАУ у больного СД I типа означает, что вероятность развития у него клинической картины ДН в ближайшие 10 лет составляет 80%.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Developing in 40–45% of patients, both insulin-dependent IDDM (type I) and non-insulin-dependent IDDM (type II) diabetes, this formidable complication leads to the development of chronic renal failure, and ultimately to the death of patients from uremia. The first kidney damage in diabetes was described by R. Kimmelstiel and C. Wilson in 1936. It is clinically characterized by the following manifestations: increasing proteinuria (with unchanged urinary sediment), hypertension, the formation of nephrotic syndrome (in about 30% of patients) and a progressive decrease in filtration kidney function. The insidiousness of this complication of diabetes lies in the fact that it develops gradually and remains unnoticed for a long time, since at the initial stages the patient does not cause discomfort. And in the later stages, when the presence of DN is no longer in doubt, preventing its further progression is extremely difficult, and often impossible. For many years in our country, the classification of DNs was used by V. R. Klyachko, according to which prenephrotic, nephrotic, and nephrosclerotic stages were distinguished. According to this classification, DN is diagnosed only from the moment when the patient develops proteinuria, registered by conventional laboratory methods, which indicates the severity and irreversibility of pathological changes in the kidneys. The modern classification, distinguishing stages at which clinical manifestations are still absent, and only functional disorders are detected, was proposed by S. Mogensen in 1983 (see table). In accordance with this classification, the first 3 stages are not detected by conventional clinical methods (preclinical stage of DN). The most informative marker of the early stages of DN is the determination of microalbuminuria (MAU), which means the excretion of albumin with urine in an amount of 30 to 300 mg / day. Identification of UIA in a patient with type I diabetes means that the probability of developing a clinical picture of DN in his next 10 years is 80%.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая нефропатия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы нгиотензин-превращающего фермента</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic nephropathy</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балуда В. П., Балаболкин М. 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