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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl12077</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-12077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Капилляризация мышц, их морфология и патогенез метаболического синдрома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Muscle capillarization, their morphology and pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Krotkiewski</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotkiewski</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">probl@endojournals.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гетеборгский университет</institution><country>Швеция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Gothenburg</institution><country>Sweden</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1996</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>1996</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>ТОМ 42, №4 (1996)</issue-title><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Krotkiewski M., 1996</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1996</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Krotkiewski M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krotkiewski M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12077">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12077</self-uri><abstract><p>Морфологические изменения в мышцах, связанные с уменьшением количества быстрых, окислительных мышечных волокон IIА типа и увеличением количества быстрых, гликолитических мышечных волокон IIБ типа, а также нарушение кровоснабжения мышечной ткани, рассматривались нами при многих патологических состояниях, связанных с инсулинорезистентностью. Нарушение тканевого кровоснабжения, тесно связанного с уменьшением чувствительности к инсулину и степенью гипертензии, наступает на сравнительно раннем этапе, в то время как увеличение количества мышечных волокон типа IIБ происходит позже и связано с повышением концентрации атерогенных факторов и гиперлипидемией. Мышечные волокна (МВ) типа IIБ — наиболее нечувствительный к инсулину тип МВ и не адоптирован к окислению жира во время мышечной работы. Это способствует дальнейшему развитию инсулиновой резистентности и ожирению; при этом избыток жирных кислот направляется в печень, вторично нарушая ее функцию. Подавляет работу печени также избыточное количество инсулина. Гиперинсулинемия ведет к угнетению синтеза таких специфических протеинов, как белок, транспортирующий тестостерон (глобулин, связывающий половой гормон). В результате повышенная концентрация свободного тестостерона ведет к вирилизации женщин и дальнейшему развитию инсулиновой нечувствительности. В отличие от существовавшей ранее концепции, отводившей основную роль интраабдоминальной жировой ткани, мышцы и печень должны рассматриваться также как органы, участвующие в патогенезе и развитии метаболического синдрома.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Morphological changes in muscles associated with a decrease in the number of fast, oxidizing muscle fibers of type IIA and an increase in the number of fast, glycolytic muscle fibers of type IIB, as well as a violation of the blood supply to muscle tissue, were considered by us in many pathological conditions associated with insulin resistance. Violation of tissue blood supply, closely associated with a decrease in sensitivity to insulin and the degree of hypertension, occurs at a relatively early stage, while an increase in the number of muscle fibers of type IIB occurs later and is associated with an increase in the concentration of atherogenic factors and hyperlipidemia. Type IIB muscle fibers (MF) are the most insulin-insensitive type MF and are not adapted to fat oxidation during muscle work. This contributes to the further development of insulin resistance and obesity; while the excess of fatty acids is sent to the liver, again violating its function. Excessive insulin also inhibits the liver. Hyperinsulinemia leads to inhibition of the synthesis of specific proteins such as the protein transporting testosterone (a sex hormone-binding globulin). As a result, an increased concentration of free testosterone leads to virilization of women and the further development of insulin insensitivity. In contrast to the previously existing concept, which assigned the main role to intra-abdominal adipose tissue, muscles and liver should also be considered as organs involved in the pathogenesis and development of the metabolic syndrome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Мышечные волокна</kwd><kwd>кровоснабжение</kwd><kwd>гиперлипидемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Muscle fibers</kwd><kwd>blood supply</kwd><kwd>hyperlipidemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vague J. // Presse Med. - 1947. - Vol. 30. - P. 339-340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vague J. // Presse Med. - 1947. - Vol. 30. - P. 339-340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krotkiewski M. 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