problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl12399problendo-12399Research ArticleРепродуктивная эндокринологияReproductive EndocrinologyСравнительный анализ морфофункционального состояния фетоплацентарного комплекса при сахарном диабете (обзор литературы)Comparative morphofunctional analysis of the state of fetoplacental complex in diabetes mellitus (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-7420ГригорянОльга РафаэльевнаGrigoryanOlga R.

д.м.н.

MD, PhD

iceberg1995@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-5367АбсатароваЮлия СергеевнаAbsatarovaYulia S.

научный сотрудник

MD, PhD

korsil2008@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-3186МихеевРоберт КонстантиновичMikheevRobert K.

Студент

medical student

robert@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-0020АндрееваЕлена НиколаевнаAndreevaElena N.

д.м.н., проф.

MD, PhD, Professor

endogin@mail.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии; Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. ЕвдокимоваРоссияEndocrinology Research Centre; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. EvdokimovRussian Federation2020300820206628592Copyright © Григорян О.Р., Абсатарова Ю.С., Михеев Р.К., Андреева Е.Н., 20202020Григорян О.Р., Абсатарова Ю.С., Михеев Р.К., Андреева Е.Н.Grigoryan O.R., Absatarova Y.S., Mikheev R.K., Andreeva E.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12399

В статье представлен обзор литературы о морфофункциональных изменениях плаценты у пациенток с сахарным диабетом 1, 2 типа и гестационным сахарным диабетом. Отражены особенности патогенеза различных аномалий фетоплацентарного комплекса в зависимости от типа диабета, его влияние на формирование сосудистого русла плаценты. Отражены механизмы развития нарушений формирования плаценты, патологии сосудистого русла, роль гипергликемии и гиперинсулинемии в созревании ворсин, увеличении веса плаценты, перинатальных исходах. Обсуждаемые аномалии оказывают значимое влияние на фетоплацентарный комплекс, выступая в роли эпигенетических факторов, формируя среду для плода, что в дальнейшем может отрицательно сказаться на здоровье будущего ребенка. Они приводят к неблагоприятным перинатальным исходам, в том числе, высокой детской заболеваемости и смертности.

Поиск литературы проводили в отечественных (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) и международных (PubMed, Cochrane Library) базах данных на русском и английском языках. Приоритетным являлся свободный доступ к полному тексту статей. Выбор источников был приоритетен периодом с 2016 по 2020 гг. Однако с учетом недостаточной изученности выбранной темы выбор источников датировался с 2001 года.

This article reviews the literature on placental morphofunctional changes in placenta of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. The detailed analysis of features of pathogenesis of various abnormalities of the fetoplacental complex depending on the type of diabetes, its influence on the formation of the placental vascular bed. The analysis of mechanisms of development of placenta formation disorders, pathologies of placental vascular bed, the role of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in villous maturation, placental weight gain, perinatal outcomes. The discussed anomalies have a significant impact on the fetoplacental complex, acting as epigenetic factors, forming the environment for the fetus, which may later affect the health of the unborn child. They lead to adverse perinatal outcomes, including high infant morbidity and mortality.

Literature search was performed in Russian (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases in Russian and English languages. The free access to the full text of the articles was in priority. The selection of sources was prioritized for the period from 2016 to 2020. However, due to the lack of knowledge of the chosen topic, the selection of sources was dated from 2001.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.