problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl12491problendo-12491Research ArticleОнкоэндокринологияOncoendocrinologyРоль молекулярной диагностики при опухолях щитовидной железыThe role of molecular testing in thyroid tumorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-7312КачкоВера АлександровнаKachkoVera A.

аспирант

postgraduate student

VeraF246@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-1544ПлатоноваНадежда МихайловнаPlatonovaNadezhda M.

д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела терапевтической эндокринологии

MD, PhD

doc-platonova@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-7490ВанушкоВладимир ЭдуардовичVanushkoVladimir E.

д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела хирургии

MD, PhD

vanushko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-8978ШифманБорис МихайловичShifmanBoris M.

Клинический аспирант Отдела терапевтической эндокринологии

MD, PhD student

boris-11@mail.ruПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research Centre,Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation2020160920206633346Copyright © Качко В.А., Платонова Н.М., Ванушко В.Э., Шифман Б.М., 20202020Качко В.А., Платонова Н.М., Ванушко В.Э., Шифман Б.М.Kachko V.A., Platonova N.M., Vanushko V.E., Shifman B.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12491

Рак щитовидной железы является наиболее распространенным онкологическим заболеванием эндокринных желез. Молекулярная диагностика при опухолях щитовидной железы широко исследуется в последние несколько десятилетий. Это один из немногих видов рака, заболеваемость которым в последние годы возросла от микрокарцином до распространенных форм большого размера, во всех возрастных группах, от детей до пожилых людей. Большинство исследований сосредоточено на исследовании генетической основы, поскольку наши современные знания о генетическом фоне различных форм рака щитовидной железы далеки от полноты. Молекулярно-генетические исследования имеют несколько основных направлений: во-первых, дифференциальная диагностика опухолей щитовидной железы, во-вторых, прогностическое значение выявленных мутаций при раке щитовидной железы, в-третьих, таргетная терапия при агрессивных или резистентных к радиоактивному йоду формах рака щитовидной железы. В данном обзоре мы хотели обновить наше понимание и описать преобладающие достижения молекулярной генетики рака щитовидной железы, сосредоточившись на основных генах, связанных с патологией, и возможности их применения в клинической практике.

¹I

¹I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; ²Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland cancer. In the last few decades, the molecular diagnostics for thyroid tumors have been widely researched. It is one of the few cancers whose incidence has increased in recent years from microcarcinomas to common, large forms, in all age groups, from children to the elder people. Most researches focus on the genetic basis, since our current knowledge of the genetic background of various forms of thyroid cancer is far from being complete. Molecular and genetic research has several main directions: firstly, differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors, secondly, the prognostic value of detected mutations in thyroid cancer, and thirdly, targeted therapy for aggressive or radioactive iodine-resistant forms of thyroid cancer. In this review, we wanted to update our understanding and describe the prevailing advances in molecular genetics of thyroid cancer, focusing on the main genes associated with the pathology and their potential application in clinical practice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.