<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl12605</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-12605</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Болезни костной и жировой ткани</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Bones &amp; Adipose tissues diseases</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технология искусственного интеллекта для распознавания компрессионных переломов позвонков с помощью модели морфометрического анализа, основанной на сверточных нейронных сетях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artificial intelligence for diagnosis of vertebral compression fractures using a morphometric analysis model, based on convolutional neural networks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-4682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петряйкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petraikin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петряйкин Алексей Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 6193-1656</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Petraikin - PhD, Med., Associate Professor.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 6193-1656</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeypetraikin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-6441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белая</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belaya</surname><given-names>Zh. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белая Жанна Евгеньевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая отделения нейроэндокринологии и остеопатий, профессор кафедры эндокринология, института высшего и дополнительного образования.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 4746-7173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna E. Belaya - MD, PhD, Professor.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 4746-7173</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jannabelaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-5307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселeва</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселёва Анастасия Николаевна.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 9586-5720</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia N. Kiseleva.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 9586-5720</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.kiseleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-9787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюкова</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukova</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артюкова Злата Романовна.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 5873-2280</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zlata R. Artyukova.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 5873-2280</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zl.artyukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-6453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляев Михаил Геннадьевич - кандидат физико-математических наук, старший преподаватель.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 2406-1772</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail G. Belyaev – PhD, Senior Lecturer.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 2406-1772</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.belyaev@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-0462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратенко Владимир Анатольевич.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 9265-9820</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Kondratenko.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 9265-9820</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.kondratenko@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-5792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писов</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Писов Максим Евгеньевич.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 7812-9031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim E. Pisov.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 7812-9031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.pisov@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-2638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Александр Владимирович.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 9654-4005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Solovev.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 9654-4005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atlantis.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-3390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сморчкова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smorchkova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сморчкова Анастасия Кирилловна.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 4345-8568</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia K. Smorchkova.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 4345-8568</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smanki97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-1672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абуладзе</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abuladze</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абуладзе Лия Руслановна.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 8640-9989</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liya R. Abuladze.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 8640-9989</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drliaabuladze@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-5966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kieva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киева Ирина Николаевна.Москва.eLibrary SPIN:2279-9141</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Kieva.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN:2279-9141</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.kieva9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1979-0359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феданов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Феданов Владимир Александрович.Москва.eLibrary SPIN:4700-0649</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Fedanov.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN:4700-0649</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vfedanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-1401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яссин</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iassin</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яссин Лейла Раедовна.Москва.eLibrary SPIN:3439-6381</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leila R. Iassin.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN:3439-6381</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yassin.leila@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-2514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёнов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Дмитрий Сергеевич.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 2278-7290</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Semenov.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 2278-7290</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.semenov@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-0630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцев Никита Дмитриевич.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 1125-8637</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita D.Kudryavtsev.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 1125-8637</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.kudryavtsev@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелыкалина</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelykalina</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щелыкалина Светлана Павловна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.Москва.eLibrary SPIN: 9804-0820</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana P. Shchelykalina - PhD, Med., Associate Professor.Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 9804-0820</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanath@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-725X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинченко Виктория Валерьевна.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 4188-0635</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Zinchenko.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 4188-0635</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.zinchenko@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-9361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмад</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmad</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмад Екатерина Сергеевна.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 5891-4384</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Akhmad.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 5891-4384</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.ahmad@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-7278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергунова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergunova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергунова Кристина Анатольевна - кандидат технических наук.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 6946-3205</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina A. Sergunova – PhD.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 6946-3205</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergunova@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-1315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гомболевский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gombolevsky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гомболевский Виктор Александрович - кандидат медицинских наук.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 6810-3279</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Gombolevsky - MD, PhD.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 6810-3279</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gombolevskiy@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-4505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Низовцова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nisovstova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Низовцова Людмила Арсеньевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 9957-8107</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Nisovstova - PhD, MD, Professor.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 9957-8107</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nizovtsova@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-7736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владзимирский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladzymyrskyy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владзимирский Антон Вячеславович - доктор медицинских наук.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 3602-7120</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Vladzymyrskyy - MD, PhD.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 3602-7120</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.vladzimirsky@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-6170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Сергей Павлович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 24.eLibrary SPIN: 8542-1720</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Morozov - MD, PhD, Professor.24 Petrovka street, 127051 Moscow.eLibrary SPIN: 8542-1720</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozov@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр неврологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center of Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сколковский институт науки и технологий; Институт проблем передачи информации им. А.А. Харкевича РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology; Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петряйкин А.В., Белая Ж.Е., Киселeва А.Н., Артюкова З.Р., Беляев М.Г., Кондратенко В.А., Писов М.Е., Соловьев А.В., Сморчкова А.К., Абуладзе Л.Р., Киева И.Н., Феданов В.А., Яссин Л.Р., Семёнов Д.С., Кудрявцев Н.Д., Щелыкалина С.П., Зинченко В.В., Ахмад Е.С., Сергунова К.А., Гомболевский В.А., Низовцова Л.А., Владзимирский А.В., Морозов С.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петряйкин А.В., Белая Ж.Е., Киселeва А.Н., Артюкова З.Р., Беляев М.Г., Кондратенко В.А., Писов М.Е., Соловьев А.В., Сморчкова А.К., Абуладзе Л.Р., Киева И.Н., Феданов В.А., Яссин Л.Р., Семёнов Д.С., Кудрявцев Н.Д., Щелыкалина С.П., Зинченко В.В., Ахмад Е.С., Сергунова К.А., Гомболевский В.А., Низовцова Л.А., Владзимирский А.В., Морозов С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petraikin A.V., Belaya Z.E., Kiseleva A.N., Artyukova Z.R., Belyaev M.G., Kondratenko V.A., Pisov M.E., Solovev A.V., Smorchkova A.K., Abuladze L.R., Kieva I.N., Fedanov V.A., Iassin L.R., Semenov D.S., Kudryavtsev N.D., Shchelykalina S.P., Zinchenko V.V., Akhmad E.S., Sergunova K.A., Gombolevsky V.A., Nisovstova L.A., Vladzymyrskyy A.V., Morozov S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12605">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12605</self-uri><abstract><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Патологические низкоэнергетические (НЭ) компрессионные переломы (КП) тел позвонков являются признаками тяжелого течения остеопороза и предикторами последующих НЭ-переломов. До 84% случаев КП тел позвонков корректно не описываются при рентгеновских методах, что обуславливает необходимость разработки ассистента радиолога на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) для повышения качества диагностики остеопороза, его осложнений и профилактики последующих переломов.ЦЕЛЬ. Разработать модель ИИ для автоматической диагностики КП позвонков по данным компьютерной томографии (КТ) органов грудной клетки.МЕТОДЫ. С сентября 2019 г. по май 2020 г. было проведено ретроспективное выборочное исследование, основанное на результатах КТ органов грудной клетки (ОГК). Были отобраны и анонимизированы результаты 160 КТ ОГК пациентов старше 60 лет, у 60% из которых отмечались переломы с компрессией более 25%. Разметка данных выполнена семью разметчиками. Проводились морфометрический анализ с вычислением средних размеров (вентрального, медиального, дорсального) тел позвонков и последующая полуколичественная классификация степени компрессии по Genant. Размеченный набор данных использовался для обучения созданной на основе двух сверточных нейронных сетей (CNN) модели ИИ Comprise-G, которая в последующем производила аналогичные измерения размеров тел позвонков с расчетом степени компрессии. Оценку модели выполняли по методу анализа ROC-кривых, расчета чувствительности и специфичности.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Для 160 пациентов разметка проведена суммарно по 2066 позвонкам. Пациенты разделены на две группы: 100 — обучающая и 60 — тестовая выборка, не использованная в обучении модели ИИ. Оценка диагностической возможности Comprise-G: выявления 2-й и 3-й степени компрессии у пациентов при 5-FOLD кросс-валидации — чувствительность 90,7%, специфичность 90,7%, площадь под ROC-кривой 0,974; для тестовых данных — чувствительность 83,2%, специфичность 90,0%, площадь под ROC-кривой 0,956; у позвонков для кросс-валидационных данных: чувствительность 91,5%, специфичность 95,2%, площадь под ROC-кривой 0,981; для тестовых данных: чувствительность 79,3%, специфичность 98,7%, площадь под ROC-кривой 0,978.ВЫВОД. Разработанная модель ИИ Comprise-G продемонстрировала высокие диагностические возможности для автоматического выявления КП тел позвонков при КТ-исследованиях грудной клетки и может быть рекомендована для дальнейшей валидации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BACKGROUND: Pathological low-energy (LE) vertebral compression fractures (VFs) are common complications of osteoporosis and predictors of subsequent LE fractures. In 84% of cases, VFs are not reported on chest CT (CCT), which calls for the development of an artificial intelligence-based (AI) assistant that would help radiology specialists to improve the diagnosis of osteoporosis complications and prevent new LE fractures.AIMS: To develop an AI model for automated diagnosis of compression fractures of the thoracic spine based on chest CT images.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2019 and May 2020 the authors performed a retrospective sampling study of ССТ images. The 160 of results were selected and anonymized. The data was labeled by seven readers. Using the morphometric analysis, the investigators received the following metric data: ventral, medial and dorsal dimensions. This was followed by a semiquantitative assessment of VFs degree. The data was used to develop the Comprise-G AI mode based on CNN, which subsequently measured the size of the vertebral bodies and then calculates the compression degree. The model was evaluated with the ROC curve analysis and by calculating sensitivity and specificity values.RESULTS: Formed data consist of 160 patients (a training group - 100 patients; a test group - 60 patients). The total of 2,066 vertebrae was annotated. When detecting Grade 2 and 3 maximum VFs in patients the Comprise-G model demonstrated sensitivity - 90,7%, specificity - 90,7%, AUC ROC - 0.974 on the 5-FOLD cross-validation data of the training dataset; on the test data - sensitivity - 83,2%, specificity - 90,0%, AUC ROC - 0.956; in vertebrae demonstrated sensitivity - 91,5%, specificity - 95,2%, AUC ROC - 0.981 on the cross-validation data; for the test data sensitivity - 79,3%, specificity - 98,7%, AUC ROC - 0.978.CONCLUSIONS: The Comprise-G model demonstrated high diagnostic capabilities in detecting the VFs on CCT images and can be recommended for further validation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>Comprise-G</kwd><kwd>компрессионные переломы</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>Comprise-G</kwd><kwd>vertebral fractures</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выносят благодарность отделу координации научной деятельности ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ» за помощь на всех этапах научной работы.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельниченко Г.А., Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза // Проблемы эндокринологии. — 2017. — Т. 63. — №6. — С. 392-426. doi: 10.14341/probl2017636392-426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel'nichenko GA, Belaya ZhE, Rozhinskaya LYa, et al. Russian federal clinical guidelines on the diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis. Problemy endocrinologii. 2017;63(6):392-426. (in Russ.). doi: 10.14341/probl2017636392-426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М., Баранова И.А., Белова К.Ю. и др. Остеопороз в Российской Федерации: эпидемиология, медико-социальные и экономические аспекты проблемы (обзор литературы) // Травматология и ортопедия России. — 2018. — Т. 24. — №1. — С. 155-168. doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-1-155-168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak OM, Baranova IA, Belova KYu et al. Osteoporosis in Russian Federation: Epidemiology, Socio-Medical and Economical Aspects (Review). Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and orthopedics of Russia]. 2018;24(1):155-168. (in Russ.). doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-1-155-168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк O.M. Аудит состояния проблемы остеопороза в странах восточной европы и центральной азии 2010 // Остеопороз и остеопатии. — 2011. — Т. 14. — №2. — C. 3-6. doi: 10.14341/osteo201123-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak OM. The Eastern European &amp; Central Asian Regional Audit Epidemiology, costs &amp; burden of osteoporosis in 2010. Osteoporosis and bone diseases. 2011;14(2):3-6. (in Russ.). doi: 10.14341/osteo201123-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International. 2013; 24:23-57. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International. 2013; 24:23-57. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams AL, Al-Busaidi A, Sparrow PJ, et al. Underreporting of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on computed tomography. European journal of radiology. 2009;69(1):179-183. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.08.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams AL, Al-Busaidi A, Sparrow PJ, et al. Underreporting of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on computed tomography. European journal of radiology. 2009;69(1):179-183. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.08.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carberry GA, Pooler BD, Binkley N, et al. Unreported vertebral body compression fractures at abdominal multidetector CT. Radiology. 2013;268(1):120-126. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13121632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carberry GA, Pooler BD, Binkley N, et al. Unreported vertebral body compression fractures at abdominal multidetector CT. Radiology. 2013;268(1):120-126. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13121632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Black DM, Arden NK, Palermo L, et al. Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1999;14(5): 821-828. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.5.821</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Black DM, Arden NK, Palermo L, et al. Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1999;14(5): 821-828. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.5.821</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed N, Mandel R, Fain MJ. Frailty: An Emerging Geriatric Syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine. 2007;120(9):748-753. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.10.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed N, Mandel R, Fain MJ. Frailty: An Emerging Geriatric Syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine. 2007;120(9):748-753. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.10.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonio CB, Bautista LGC, Labao AB et al. Vertebra fracture classification from 3D CT lumbar spine segmentation masks using a convolutional neural network. 10th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2018. 2018 March 19-21. Dong Hoi City, Vietnam;449-458. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75420-8_43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonio CB, Bautista LGC, Labao AB et al. Vertebra fracture classification from 3D CT lumbar spine segmentation masks using a convolutional neural network. 10th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2018. 2018 March 19-21. Dong Hoi City, Vietnam;449-458. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75420-8_43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valentinitsch A, Trebeschi S, Kaesmacher J, et al. Opportunistic osteoporosis screening in multi-detector ct images via local classification of textures. Osteoporosis international. 2019;30(6):1275-1285. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-04910-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valentinitsch A, Trebeschi S, Kaesmacher J, et al. Opportunistic osteoporosis screening in multi-detector ct images via local classification of textures. Osteoporosis international. 2019;30(6):1275-1285. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-04910-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicolaes J, Raeymaeckers S, Robben D, et al. Detection of vertebral fractures in CT using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks. Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging. 2019:3-14. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39752-4_1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicolaes J, Raeymaeckers S, Robben D, et al. Detection of vertebral fractures in CT using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks. Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging. 2019:3-14. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39752-4_1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burns JE, Yao J, Summers RM. Vertebral body compression fractures and bone density: automated detection and classification on CT images. Radiology. 2017;284(3):788-797. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017162100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burns JE, Yao J, Summers RM. Vertebral body compression fractures and bone density: automated detection and classification on CT images. Radiology. 2017;284(3):788-797. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017162100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth HR, Wang Y, Yao J, et al. Deep convolutional networks for automated detection of posterior-element fractures on spine CT. Medical Imaging 2016: Computer-Aided Diagnosis. 2016. doi: 10.1117/12.2217146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roth HR, Wang Y, Yao J, et al. Deep convolutional networks for automated detection of posterior-element fractures on spine CT. Medical Imaging 2016: Computer-Aided Diagnosis. 2016. doi: 10.1117/12.2217146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bar A, Wolf L, Amitai OB, et al. Compression fractures detection on CT. Medical Imaging 2017: Computer-Aided Diagnosis. 2017. doi:10.1117/12.2249635</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bar A, Wolf L, Amitai OB, et al. Compression fractures detection on CT. Medical Imaging 2017: Computer-Aided Diagnosis. 2017. doi:10.1117/12.2249635</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomita N, Cheung YY, Hassanpour S. Deep neural networks for automatic detection of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on CT scans. Computers in biology and medicine. 2018;(98);8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.05.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomita N, Cheung YY, Hassanpour S. Deep neural networks for automatic detection of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on CT scans. Computers in biology and medicine. 2018;(98);8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.05.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genant HK, Wu CY, Van KC, et al. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. Journal of bone and mineral research. 1993;8(9):1137-1148. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650080915</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genant HK, Wu CY, Van KC, et al. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. Journal of bone and mineral research. 1993;8(9):1137-1148. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650080915</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Указ Президента РФ от 10 октября 2019 г. № 490 «О развитии искусственного интеллекта в Российской Федерации». Доступно по: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/44731. Ссылка активна на 03.09.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the President of Russian Federation N490 of 10 October 2019. O razvitii iskusstvennogo intellekta v Rossiiskoi Federatsii». (In Russ.). Доступно по: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/44731. Ссылка активна на 03.09.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams JE, Lenchik L, Roux C, Genant HK. Vertebral Fracture Initiative. Part II. Radiological Assessment of Vertebral Fracture. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Aug 5]; 49 p. Available from: https://www.iofbonehealth.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/Vertebral%20Fracture%20Initiative/IOF_VFI-Part_II-Manuscript.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams JE, Lenchik L, Roux C, Genant HK. Vertebral Fracture Initiative. Part II. Radiological Assessment of Vertebral Fracture. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Aug 5]; 49 p. Available from: https://www.iofbonehealth.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/Vertebral%20Fracture%20Initiative/IOF_VFI-Part_II-Manuscript.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alqahtani FF, Offiah AC. Diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in children. Pediatric Radiology. 2019;49(3);283-296. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4279-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alqahtani FF, Offiah AC. Diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in children. Pediatric Radiology. 2019;49(3);283-296. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4279-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T. U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention — MICCAI 2015. 2015 October 4-9. Munich, Germany; 234-241. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T. U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention — MICCAI 2015. 2015 October 4-9. Munich, Germany; 234-241. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kingma DP, Ba JL. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015 — Conference Track Proceedings [Internet]. 2015 May 7-9. San Diego, USA. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.6980.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kingma DP, Ba JL. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015 — Conference Track Proceedings [Internet]. 2015 May 7-9. San Diego, USA. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.6980.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Redmon J, Farhadi A. Yolov3: An incremental improvement. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 20]; 6 p. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.02767.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Redmon J, Farhadi A. Yolov3: An incremental improvement. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 20]; 6 p. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.02767.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisov M, Kondratenko V, Zakharov A et al. Keypoints localization for joint vertebra detection and fracture severity quantification. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 20]; 13 p. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11960.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisov M, Kondratenko V, Zakharov A et al. Keypoints localization for joint vertebra detection and fracture severity quantification. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 20]; 13 p. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11960.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derkatch S, Kirby C, Kimelman D, Jozani MJ, et al. Identification of Vertebral Fractures by Convolutional Neural Networks to Predict Nonvertebral and Hip Fractures: A Registry-based Cohort Study of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Radiology. 2019;293(2):190-201. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019190201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derkatch S, Kirby C, Kimelman D, Jozani MJ, et al. Identification of Vertebral Fractures by Convolutional Neural Networks to Predict Nonvertebral and Hip Fractures: A Registry-based Cohort Study of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Radiology. 2019;293(2):190-201. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019190201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim DH, MacKinnon T. Artificial intelligence in fracture detection: transfer learning from deep convolutional neural networks. Clinical Radiology. 2018;73(5):439-445. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.11.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim DH, MacKinnon T. Artificial intelligence in fracture detection: transfer learning from deep convolutional neural networks. Clinical Radiology. 2018;73(5):439-445. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.11.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pickhardt PJ, Pooler BD, Lauder T, et al. Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis Using Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans Obtained for Other Indications. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;158(8):588-595. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pickhardt PJ, Pooler BD, Lauder T, et al. Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis Using Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans Obtained for Other Indications. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;158(8):588-595. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alacreu E, Moratal D, Arana E. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis by routine CT in Southern Europe. Osteoporosis International. 2017;28(3):983-990. doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3804-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alacreu E, Moratal D, Arana E. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis by routine CT in Southern Europe. Osteoporosis International. 2017;28(3):983-990. doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3804-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
