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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl12694</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-12694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical endocrinology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Муковисцидоз как полиэндокринное заболевание (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cystic fibrosis being a polyendocrine disease (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-9291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чагай</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chagay</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чагай Наталья Борисовна, д.м.н.</p><p>355000 Ставрополь, ул. Ленина, д. 304</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2323-7791</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia B. Chagay, MD, PhD</p><p>Lenina street, 304, Stavropol, 355000</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2323-7791</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chagaynb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-1544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайт</surname><given-names>Г. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayt</surname><given-names>G. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайт Геннадий Яковлевич, д.м.н.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2076-5880</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady Ya. Khayt, MD, PhD</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2076-5880</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skkdc@skkdc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-3116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вдовина</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vdovina</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вдовина Татьяна Михайловна, к.м.н.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2345-2185</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana M. Vdovina, MD, PhD</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2345-2185</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skkdc@skkdc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-4238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шафорост</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaforost</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шафорост Анна Александровна</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1489-9230</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Shaforost, MD</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1489-9230</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skkdc@skkdc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский краевой клинический консультативно-диагностический центр;&#13;
Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center;&#13;
Stavropol State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский краевой клинический консультативно-диагностический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чагай Н.Б., Хайт Г.Я., Вдовина Т.М., Шафорост А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чагай Н.Б., Хайт Г.Я., Вдовина Т.М., Шафорост А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chagay N.B., Khayt G.Y., Vdovina T.M., Shaforost A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12694">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12694</self-uri><abstract><p>Ген CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) кодирует синтез одноименного белка, который функционирует как прямой активатор анионного транспорта. Cl– является наиболее распространенным анионом, в качестве антагониста катионов натрия и калия обеспечивает электронейтральность клеточных мембран в покое, вместе с катионами служит важным осмолитом и формирует поток воды через клеточные мембраны для трансэпителиальной секреции. Железистые клетки при муковисцидозе (МВ) задерживают Cl– и Na+, а выделяемый ими секрет отличается чрезмерной вязкостью. Субнормальная активность CFTR приводит к застою мукоцилиарного клиренса, торможению кишечного транспорта.Помимо экзокринных нарушений, мутации CFTR ассоциируются с уменьшением объема, массы, усилением апоптоза β-клеток поджелудочной железы, значительным подавлением экзоцитоза инсулина в ответ на стимуляцию глюкозой и глюкагоноподобным пептидом-1, гиперглюкагонемией на фоне дефекта подавления инсулином функции α-клеток, но снижением максимальной емкости α-клеток.Дефицит и прогрессирующее снижение минеральной плотности костной ткани являются ожидаемыми вторичными проявлениями МВ ввиду панкреатической экзокринной недостаточности с мальабсорбцией питательных веществ и жирорастворимых витаминов. Но у пациентов с мутацией F508del установлены значимое уменьшение синтеза в остеобластической формации OPG, COX-2, PGE2, повышение активности антианаболического NF-kB. Речь идет о дефекте канонического сигнального пути (Wnt/β-катенин), который регулирует экспрессию генов-активаторов остеобластогенеза, разобщении этапности физиологического костного ремоделирования.Помимо врожденной двусторонней или односторонней аплазии семявыносящих протоков, увеличение частоты мутаций CFTR также обнаруживается при необструктивной азооспермии, олиго-, астено- и тератоспермии. CFTR участвует во входе HCO3– в клетки Сертоли для запуска cAMP-зависимой транскрипции, и его дефекты приводят к подавлению ФСГ-зависимой экспрессии генов сперматогенеза, потере последовательности в каскаде Wnt, разрушению зависимого от PGE2 трансэпителиального взаимодействия и, как следствие, гематотестикулярного барьера.МВ характеризуется, наряду с классическими признаками, эндокринной дисфункцией поджелудочной железы, остеопорозом с подавлением остеобластогенеза, дефектом сперматогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene encodes the synthesis of a protein of the same name, which functions as a direct activator of anionic transport. Chloride is the most abundant anion; as an antagonist of Na+ and K+, it provides electroneutrality of cell membranes at rest; together with cations, it serves as an important osmolyte and forms water flow across cell membranes for transepithelial secretion.Glandular cells in CF trap Cl– and Na+, and the prodused secretion is excessively viscous. Subnormal CFTR activity leads to stagnation of mucociliary clearance, inhibition of intestinal transport.In addition to exocrine disorders, CFTR mutations are associated with a decrease in volume, mass, increased apoptosis of β-cells of the pancreas, a significant suppression of insulin exocytosis in response to stimulation with glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1, hyperglucagonemia against the background of a defect in the suppression of α-cell function by insulin, but a decrease in maximum capacity α-cells.Deficiency and progressive decline in bone mineral density is an expected secondary manifestation of CF due to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency with malabsorption of nutrients and fat-soluble vitamins. However, in patients with the F508del mutation, a significant decrease in the synthesis of OPG, COX-2, PGE2 in the osteoblastic formation, and an increase in the activity of the antianabolic NF-kB were found. We are talking about a defect in the canonical signaling pathway (Wnt/β-catenin), which regulates the expression of genes-activators of osteoblastogenesis, dissociation of the stages of physiological bone remodeling.In addition to congenital bilateral or unilateral aplasia of the vas deferens, an increase in the frequency of CFTR mutations is also found in non-obstructive azoospermia, oligo-, astheno- and teratospermia. CFTR is involved in the entry of HCO3– into Sertoli cells to trigger cAMP-dependent transcription and its defects lead to suppression of FSH-dependent gene expression of spermatogenesis, loss of sequence in the Wnt cascade, destruction of the PGE2-dependent transepithelial interaction and, as a consequence, the blood-testicular barrier.CF is characterized, along with classical signs, by endocrine dysfunction of the pancreas, osteoporosis with suppression of osteoblastogenesis, and a defect in spermatogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>муковисцидоз-ассоциированный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>врожденная двусторонняя аплазия семявыносящих протоков</kwd><kwd>необструктивная азооспермия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>cystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>cystic fibrosis-related diabetes</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>congenital bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens</kwd><kwd>non-obstructive azoospermia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="cit1"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><article-title>Klinicheskie rekomendatsii soyuza pediatrov Rossii, Assotsiatsii meditsinskikh genetikov, Rossiiskogo respiratornogo obshchestva, Rossiiskogo transplantologicheskogo obshchestva. 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