<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl12822</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-12822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical endocrinology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация комплексного подхода к коррекции голоса при эндокринопатиях  (аналитический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of an integrated approach to voice correction for endocrinopathies (analytical review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-1308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старостина Светлана Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p><p>SPIN-код: 1675-1556</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Starostina, professor</p><p>Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow </p><p>SPIN-код: 1675-1556</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">starostina_sv@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-5810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стаценко</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Statsenko</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стаценко Ярослава Александровна, студент</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 7026-4469</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslava A. Statsenko, student</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN-код: 7026-4469</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">statsenko.y.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-1293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистушкин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistushkin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистушкин Валерий Михайлович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва </p><p>SPIN-код: 9040-5720</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy M. Svistushkin, professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN-код: 9040-5720</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svvm3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старостина С.В., Стаценко Я.А., Свистушкин В.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старостина С.В., Стаценко Я.А., Свистушкин В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starostina S.V., Statsenko Y.A., Svistushkin V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12822">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12822</self-uri><abstract><p>Дисфония — симптом множества эндокринных патологий. Охриплость, огрубение голоса, снижение его высоты, сужение диапазона, утомляемость — характерные жалобы при гипотиреозе, обусловленные увеличением количества полисахаридов и накоплением жидкости в собственной пластинке голосовых складок. Избыток соматотропного гормона вызывает гиперпродукцию инсулиноподобного фактора роста-1, что приводит к аномалиям черепно-лицевой области и пролиферации тканей верхних дыхательных путей, в том числе утолщению хрящей гортани, голосовых складок и снижению высоты голоса. Гипергликемия, изменение баланса жидкости и электролитов при сахарном диабете могут косвенно влиять на голос: ксеростомия затрудняет фонацию в связи с нарушением увлажнения слизистой оболочки гортани, а диабетическая нейропатия нередко нарушает работу мышц гортани, участвующих в голосообразовании. Изменение голоса наблюдается не только при эндокринных нарушениях, но и во время полового созревания, фаз менструального цикла, в период менопаузы. Ларингеальные структуры модифицируются под влиянием гормонов и  подвергаются внешним воздействиям, что в целом изменяет высоту и интенсивность голоса, тембр и резонанс, артикуляционные и просодические характеристики. Представленный обзор направлен на обобщение и систематизацию данных литературы, касающихся изменений голоса при ряде физиологических и патологических состояний у пациентов различных возрастных групп и пола. Показаны возможности мультидисциплинарного подхода к рациональной коррекции голоса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dysphonia is a symptom of many endocrine pathologies. Hoarseness, voice fatigue, decrease of the voice pitch, reduce of the range are typical complaints for hypothyroidism, caused by an increased amount of polysaccharides and accumulation of fluid in the lamina propria of the vocal folds. An excess of growth hormone causes an overproduction of insulin-like growth factor-1, which leads to abnormalities in the craniofacial region and proliferation of the upper respiratory tract tissues, including thickening of the laryngeal cartilages, vocal folds and decreasing of the voice pitch. Hyperglycemia, changes in the balance of fluid and electrolytes in diabetes mellitus can indirectly affect the voice: xerostomia complicates phonation due to impaired hydration of the laryngeal mucosa, diabetic neuropathy often disrupts the work of the laryngeal muscles involved in voice formation. Voice changes are observed not only in endocrine disorders, but also during puberty, the phases of the menstrual cycle and during menopause. Laryngeal structures are modified under the influence of hormones and external factors, which generally changes pitch and intensity of the voice, timbre and resonance, articulation and prosodic characteristics. The purpose of this review is to summarize and systematize data on physiological and pathological voice changes in patients of different age groups and sex. The possibilities of a multidisciplinary approach to rational voice correction are demonstrated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гортань</kwd><kwd>эндокринопатия</kwd><kwd>голос</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>larynx</kwd><kwd>endocrinopathy</kwd><kwd>voice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="cit1"><element-citation><name><surname>Hari Kumar</surname> <given-names>KVS</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Garg</surname> <given-names>Anurag</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ajai Chandra</surname> <given-names>NS</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Singh</surname> <given-names>SP</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Datta</surname> <given-names>Rakesh</given-names> </name> <article-title>Voice and endocrinology</article-title> <source>Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism</source> <year>2016</year> <month>09</month> <fpage>590</fpage> <volume>20</volume> <issue>5</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.4103/2230-8210.190523</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit2"><element-citation><name><surname>Altman</surname> <given-names>Kenneth W.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Haines</surname> <given-names>G. Kenneth</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vakkalanka</surname> <given-names>Sarah K.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Keni</surname> <given-names>Sanjay P.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kopp</surname> <given-names>Peter A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Radosevich</surname> <given-names>James A.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Identification of thyroid hormone receptors in the human larynx</article-title> <source>The Laryngoscope</source> <year>2003</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>1931</fpage> <lpage>1934</lpage> <volume>113</volume> <issue>11</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1097/00005537-200311000-00014</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit3"><element-citation><name><surname>Voelter</surname> <given-names>Ch.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kleinsasser</surname> <given-names>N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Joa</surname> <given-names>P.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Nowack</surname> <given-names>I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Martínez</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Hagen</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Voelker</surname> <given-names>H. U.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Detection of hormone receptors in the human vocal fold</article-title> <source>European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology</source> <year>2008</year> <month>03</month> <fpage>1239</fpage> <lpage>1244</lpage> <volume>265</volume> <issue>10</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1007/s00405-008-0632-x</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit4"><element-citation><name><surname>Abitbol</surname> <given-names>Jean</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Brux</surname> <given-names>Jean de</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Millot</surname> <given-names>Ginette</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Masson</surname> <given-names>Marie-Francoise</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mimoun</surname> <given-names>Odile Languille</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Pau</surname> <given-names>Helene</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Abitbol</surname> <given-names>Beatrice</given-names> </name> <article-title>Does a hormonal vocal cord cycle exist in women? Study of vocal premenstrual syndrome in voice performers by videostroboscopy-glottography and cytology on 38 women</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2005</year> <month>08</month> <fpage>157</fpage> <lpage>162</lpage> <volume>3</volume> <issue>2</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/s0892-1997(89)80142-0</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit5"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Shilenkova</surname> <given-names>VV</given-names></name>. <article-title>Disfonii i golos</article-title>. Yaroslavl’: Avers Plyus; <year>2018</year>. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit6"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>El-Shafie</surname> <given-names>KT</given-names></name>. H<article-title>ypothyroidism presenting with dysarthria</article-title>. <source>J Family Community Med</source>. <year>2003</year>;<issue>10(2)</issue>:<fpage>55</fpage>-<lpage>57</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit7"><element-citation><name><surname>Stöllberger</surname> <given-names>Claudia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Finsterer</surname> <given-names>Josef</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Brand</surname> <given-names>Elisabeth</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tschabitscher</surname> <given-names>Doris</given-names> </name> <article-title>Dysarthria as the leading symptom of hypothyroidism</article-title> <source>American Journal of Otolaryngology</source> <year>2002</year> <month>08</month> <fpage>70</fpage> <lpage>72</lpage> <volume>22</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1053/ajot.2001.20698</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit8"><element-citation><name><surname>MORTIMORE</surname> <given-names>I. L.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>MARSHALL</surname> <given-names>I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>WRAITH</surname> <given-names>P. K.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>SELLAR</surname> <given-names>R. J.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>DOUGLAS</surname> <given-names>N. J.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Neck and Total Body Fat Deposition in Nonobese and Obese Patients with Sleep Apnea Compared with That in Control Subjects</article-title> <source>American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine</source> <year>2013</year> <month>04</month> <fpage>280</fpage> <lpage>283</lpage> <volume>157</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9703018</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit9"><element-citation><name><surname>Roy</surname> <given-names>Nelson</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Merrill</surname> <given-names>Ray M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Pierce</surname> <given-names>Jenny</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sundar</surname> <given-names>Krishna M.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Voice Disorders in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and the Role of CPAP</article-title> <source>Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology</source> <year>2018</year> <month>12</month> <fpage>249</fpage> <lpage>262</lpage> <volume>128</volume> <issue>3</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1177/0003489418819541</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit10"><element-citation><name><surname>Nam</surname> <given-names>Inn-Chul</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Park</surname> <given-names>Young-Hak</given-names> </name> <article-title>Pharyngolaryngeal symptoms associated with thyroid disease</article-title> <source>Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &amp; Head &amp; Neck Surgery</source> <year>2017</year> <month>07</month> <fpage>469</fpage> <lpage>474</lpage> <volume>25</volume> <issue>6</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1097/moo.0000000000000404</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit11"><element-citation><name><surname>Bellantone</surname> <given-names>Rocco</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lombardi</surname> <given-names>Celestino Pio</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bossola</surname> <given-names>Maurizio</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Boscherini</surname> <given-names>Mauro</given-names> </name> <name><surname>De Crea</surname> <given-names>Carmela</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Alesina</surname> <given-names>Pierfrancesco</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Traini</surname> <given-names>Emanuela</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Princi</surname> <given-names>Pietro</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Raffaelli</surname> <given-names>Marco</given-names> </name> <article-title>Total thyroidectomy for management of benign thyroid disease: Review of 526 cases</article-title> <source>World Journal of Surgery</source> <year>2002</year> <month>12</month> <fpage>1468</fpage> <lpage>1471</lpage> <volume>26</volume> <issue>12</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1007/s00268-002-6426-1</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit12"><element-citation><name><surname>Viana Baptista</surname> <given-names>Sara I.R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lott</surname> <given-names>David G.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Almeida</surname> <given-names>Sancha C.C.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Cid</surname> <given-names>Maria Olimpia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vera-Cruz</surname> <given-names>Paulo S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Zagalo</surname> <given-names>Carlos</given-names> </name> <article-title>Preoperative Voice Characteristics in Thyroid Patients</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2020</year> <month>01</month> <fpage>809.e1</fpage> <lpage>809.e6</lpage> <volume>35</volume> <issue>5</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.12.024</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit13"><element-citation><name><surname>Bartsch</surname> <given-names>Detlef</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dotzenrath</surname> <given-names>Cornelia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vorländer</surname> <given-names>Christian</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Zielke</surname> <given-names>Andreas</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Weber</surname> <given-names>Theresia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Buhr</surname> <given-names>Heinz</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Klinger</surname> <given-names>Carsten</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lorenz</surname> <given-names>Kerstin</given-names> </name>  <article-title>Current Practice of Surgery for Benign Goitre—An Analysis of the Prospective DGAV StuDoQ|Thyroid Registry</article-title> <source>Journal of Clinical Medicine</source> <year>2019</year> <month>04</month> <fpage>477</fpage> <volume>8</volume> <issue>4</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.3390/jcm8040477</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit14"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Haugen</surname> <given-names>BR</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Alexander</surname> <given-names>EK</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Bible</surname> <given-names>KC</given-names></name>, et al. <article-title>2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.</article-title> <source>Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association</source>. <year>2016</year>;<issue>26(1)</issue>:<fpage>1</fpage>-<lpage>133</lpage>. doi: https://doi.org/<object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1089/thy.2015.0020</object-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit15"><element-citation><name><surname>Chandrasekhar</surname> <given-names>Sujana S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Randolph</surname> <given-names>Gregory W.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Seidman</surname> <given-names>Michael D.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Rosenfeld</surname> <given-names>Richard M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Angelos</surname> <given-names>Peter</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Barkmeier-Kraemer</surname> <given-names>Julie</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Benninger</surname> <given-names>Michael S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Blumin</surname> <given-names>Joel H.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dennis</surname> <given-names>Gregory</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Hanks</surname> <given-names>John</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Haymart</surname> <given-names>Megan R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kloos</surname> <given-names>Richard T.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Seals</surname> <given-names>Brenda</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Schreibstein</surname> <given-names>Jerry M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Thomas</surname> <given-names>Mack A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Waddington</surname> <given-names>Carolyn</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Warren</surname> <given-names>Barbara</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Robertson</surname> <given-names>Peter J.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Clinical Practice Guideline</article-title> <source>Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery</source> <year>2013</year> <month>06</month> <fpage>S1</fpage> <lpage>S37</lpage> <volume>148</volume> <issue>6_suppl</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1177/0194599813487301</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit16"><element-citation><name><surname>Junuzovic-Zunic</surname> <given-names>Lejla</given-names> </name>  <name><surname>Ibrahimagic</surname> <given-names>Amela</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Altumbabic</surname> <given-names>Selma</given-names> </name>   <article-title>Voice Characteristics in Patients with Thyroid Disorders</article-title> <source>The Eurasian Journal of Medicine</source> <year>2018</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>101</fpage> <lpage>105</lpage> <volume>51</volume> <issue>2</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.18331</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit17"><element-citation><name><surname>Wolters</surname> <given-names>Thalijn L.C.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Roerink</surname> <given-names>Sean H.P.P.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Drenthen</surname> <given-names>Linda C.A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Wagenmakers</surname> <given-names>Margaretha A.E.M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>van den Broek</surname> <given-names>Guido B.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Rutten</surname> <given-names>Kim I.M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Herruer</surname> <given-names>Jasmijn M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Hermus</surname> <given-names>Adrianus R.M.M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Netea-Maier</surname> <given-names>Romana T.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Voice Characteristics in Patients with Acromegaly during Treatment</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2020</year> <month>01</month> <fpage>932.e13</fpage> <lpage>932.e27</lpage> <volume>35</volume> <issue>6</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.01.006</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit18"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Kadakia</surname> <given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Carlson</surname> <given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Sataloff</surname> <given-names>R</given-names></name>. <article-title>The Effect of Hormones on the Voice</article-title>. <source>J Sing</source>. <year>2013</year>;<issue>69(5)</issue>:<fpage>571</fpage>-<lpage>574</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit19"><element-citation><name><surname>Saboor Aftab</surname> <given-names>S. A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kumar</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Barber</surname> <given-names>T. M.</given-names> </name> <article-title>The role of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the development of male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism</article-title> <source>Clinical Endocrinology</source> <year>2012</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>330</fpage> <lpage>337</lpage> <volume>78</volume> <issue>3</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1111/cen.12092</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit20"><element-citation><name><surname>Gugatschka</surname> <given-names>Markus</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lichtenwagner</surname> <given-names>Susanne</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Schwetz</surname> <given-names>Verena</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lerchbaum</surname> <given-names>Elisabeth</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Graupp</surname> <given-names>Matthias</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Gerstenberger</surname> <given-names>Claus</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kiesler</surname> <given-names>Karl</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Obermayer-Pietsch</surname> <given-names>Barbara</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Friedrich</surname> <given-names>Gerhard</given-names> </name> <article-title>Subjective and Objective Vocal Parameters in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2012</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>98</fpage> <lpage>100</lpage> <volume>27</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.07.007</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit21"><element-citation><name><surname>Hannoun</surname> <given-names>Antoine</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Zreik</surname> <given-names>Tony</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Husseini</surname> <given-names>Sami Tanbouzi</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mahfoud</surname> <given-names>Lorice</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sibai</surname> <given-names>Abla</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Hamdan</surname> <given-names>Abdul-latif</given-names> </name> <article-title>Vocal Changes in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2010</year> <month>05</month> <fpage>501</fpage> <lpage>504</lpage> <volume>25</volume> <issue>4</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.12.005</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit22"><element-citation><name><surname>Aydin</surname> <given-names>Kadriye</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Akbulut</surname> <given-names>Sevtap</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Demir</surname> <given-names>Mehmet Gokhan</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Demir</surname> <given-names>Sevin</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ozderya</surname> <given-names>Aysenur</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Temizkan</surname> <given-names>Sule</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sargin</surname> <given-names>Mehmet</given-names> </name> <article-title>Voice characteristics associated with polycystic ovary syndrome</article-title> <source>The Laryngoscope</source> <year>2015</year> <month>12</month> <fpage>2067</fpage> <lpage>2072</lpage> <volume>126</volume> <issue>9</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1002/lary.25818</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit23"><element-citation><name><surname>Dedov</surname> <given-names>Ivan I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Shestakova</surname> <given-names>Marina V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mayorov</surname> <given-names>Aleksandr Y.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vikulova</surname> <given-names>Olga K.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Galstyan</surname> <given-names>Gagik R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kuraeva</surname> <given-names>Tamara L.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Peterkova</surname> <given-names>Valentina A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Smirnova</surname> <given-names>Olga M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Starostina</surname> <given-names>Elena G.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Surkova</surname> <given-names>Elena V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sukhareva</surname> <given-names>Olga Y.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tokmakova</surname> <given-names>Alla Y.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Shamkhalova</surname> <given-names>Minara S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Jarek-Martynova</surname> <given-names>Ivona Renata</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Artemova</surname> <given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Beshlieva</surname> <given-names>Diana D.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bondarenko</surname> <given-names>Olga N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Volevodz</surname> <given-names>Natalya N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Grigoryan</surname> <given-names>Olga R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Gomova</surname> <given-names>Irina S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dzhemilova</surname> <given-names>Zera N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Esayan</surname> <given-names>Roza M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ibragimova</surname> <given-names>Liudmila I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kalashnikov</surname> <given-names>Viktor Y.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kononenko</surname> <given-names>Irina V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Laptev</surname> <given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lipatov</surname> <given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Motovilin</surname> <given-names>Oleg G.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Nikonova</surname> <given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Rozhivanov</surname> <given-names>Roman V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Shestakova</surname> <given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorov A.Yu. 9th edition</article-title> <source>Diabetes mellitus</source> <year>2019</year> <month>12</month> <fpage>1</fpage> <lpage>121</lpage> <volume>22</volume> <issue>1S1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.14341/dm221s1</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit24"><element-citation><name><surname>Hamdan</surname> <given-names>Abdul-Latif</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kurban</surname> <given-names>Zeina</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Azar</surname> <given-names>Sami T.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Prevalence of phonatory symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus</article-title> <source>Acta Diabetologica</source> <year>2012</year> <month>04</month> <fpage>731</fpage> <lpage>736</lpage> <volume>50</volume> <issue>5</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1007/s00592-012-0392-3</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit25"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Biryulina</surname> <given-names>N.Yu.</given-names></name> <article-title>Narusheniya golosa u podrostkov v period mutatsii</article-title> // <source>Rossiiskaya otorinolaringologiya</source>. — <year>2003</year>. — №<month>1</month>. — S. <fpage>30</fpage>-<lpage>32</lpage>. [Biryulina NYu. Narusheniya golosa u podrostkov v period mutatsii. Rossiiskaya otorinolaringologiya. 2003;1:30-32. ( in Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit26"><element-citation><name><surname>Lim</surname> <given-names>Jae-Yol</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lim</surname> <given-names>Sung Eun</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Choi</surname> <given-names>Seong Hee</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kim</surname> <given-names>Jeong Hong</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kim</surname> <given-names>Kwang-Moon</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Choi</surname> <given-names>Hong-Shik</given-names> </name> <article-title>Clinical Characteristics and Voice Analysis of Patients With Mutational Dysphonia: Clinical Significance of Diplophonia and Closed Quotients</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2006</year> <month>01</month> <fpage>12</fpage> <lpage>19</lpage> <volume>21</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.10.002</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit27"><element-citation><name><surname>Ghaemi</surname> <given-names>Hamide</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dehqan</surname> <given-names>Ali</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari</surname> <given-names>Behrooz</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Scherer</surname> <given-names>Ronald C.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Voice Changes During Pregnancy Trimesters in Iranian Pregnant Women</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2018</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>358</fpage> <lpage>363</lpage> <volume>34</volume> <issue>3</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.016</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit28"><element-citation><name><surname>Lã</surname> <given-names>Filipa Martins Baptista</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sundberg</surname> <given-names>Johan</given-names> </name> <article-title>Pregnancy and the Singing Voice: Reports From a Case Study</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2011</year> <month>04</month> <fpage>431</fpage> <lpage>439</lpage> <volume>26</volume> <issue>4</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.10.010</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit29"><element-citation><name><surname>Cassiraga</surname> <given-names>Verónica L.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Castellano</surname> <given-names>Andrea V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Abasolo</surname> <given-names>José</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Abin</surname> <given-names>Ester N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Izbizky</surname> <given-names>Gustavo H.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Pregnancy and Voice: Changes During the Third Trimester</article-title> <source>Journal of Voice</source> <year>2012</year> <month>05</month> <fpage>584</fpage> <lpage>586</lpage> <volume>26</volume> <issue>5</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.10.004</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit30"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Boikova</surname> <given-names>N.E.</given-names></name> <article-title>Sravnitel'naya kharakteristika fonetogramm zhenskogo golosa v razlichnye vozrastnye periody</article-title>. // <source>Rossiiskaya otorinolaringologiya</source>. — <year>1998</year>. — №<month>2</month> — S. <fpage>102</fpage>-<lpage>104</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit31"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>D'yachenko</surname> <given-names>E.Yu.</given-names></name> <article-title>Presbifoniya. Foniatricheskie aspekty</article-title>. <source>Materialy mezhregional'noi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii otorinolaringologov Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Aktual'nye voprosy otorinolaringologii» 30 iyunya 2016</source>. — Blagoveshchensk; <year>2016</year>. — №<issue>14</issue>. — S. <fpage>166</fpage>-<lpage>170</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit32"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Shilenkova</surname> <given-names>V.V.</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Bestolkova</surname> <given-names>O.S.</given-names></name> <article-title>Presbifoniya. Vozrastnye izmeneniya akusticheskikh parametrov golosa</article-title> // <source>Vestnik otorinolaringologii</source>. — <year>2013</year>. — T. <volume>78</volume>. — №<month>6</month>. — S. <fpage>24</fpage>-<lpage>27</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit33"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><article-title>Klinicheskie rekomendatsii MZ RF «Parezy i paralichi gortani»</article-title>. M.: <source>Natsional'naya meditsinskaya assotsiatsiya otorinolaringologov</source>; <year>2020</year>. <lpage>32</lpage> s.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit34"><element-citation><name><surname>Makarin</surname> <given-names>Viktor A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Uspenskaya</surname> <given-names>Anna A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Alekseev</surname> <given-names>Mihail A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Gorskaya</surname> <given-names>Natal'ja A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Slepstov</surname> <given-names>Il'ja V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Chernikov</surname> <given-names>Roman A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Fedotov</surname> <given-names>Jurij N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Timofeeva</surname> <given-names>Natal'ja I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Semenov</surname> <given-names>Arsenij A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Malugov</surname> <given-names>Jurij N.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bubnov</surname> <given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: indications and method</article-title> <source>Endocrine Surgery</source> <year>2016</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>5</fpage> <volume>10</volume> <issue>2</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.14341/serg201625-17</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit35"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Palamarchuk</surname> <given-names>V.A.</given-names></name> <article-title>Vliyanie neselektivnoi innervatsii gortani na osnovnye kharakteristiki golosa</article-title> // <source>Mezhdunarodnyi endokrinologicheskii zhurnal</source>. — <year>2014</year>. — T. <volume>1</volume>. — №<issue>57</issue>. — S. <fpage>114</fpage>-<lpage>117</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit36"><element-citation><name><surname>Karpova</surname> <given-names>O. Yu.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Svistushkin</surname> <given-names>V. M.</given-names> </name> <article-title>The modern approach to the conservative treatment of the patients presenting with postoperative bilateral vocal fold palsy</article-title> <source>Vestnik otorinolaringologii</source> <year>2017</year> <month>02</month> <fpage>25</fpage> <volume>82</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.17116/otorino201782125-29</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit37"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Starostina</surname> <given-names>S.V.</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Mareev</surname> <given-names>O.V.</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Nikolenko</surname> <given-names>V.N.</given-names></name> <article-title>Mediafiksatsiya golosovoi skladki naruzhnym dostupom pri odnostoronnem paraliche gortani</article-title> // <source>Vestnik otorinolaringologii</source>. — <year>2013</year>. — T. <volume>78</volume>. — №<month>6</month>. — S. <fpage>51</fpage>-<lpage>54</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
