<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl13346</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-13346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical endocrinology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эктопическая акромегалия вследствие нейроэндокринных опухолей легких: первое описание в России трех клинических случаев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ectopic acromegaly due to bronchial neuroendocrine tumors: the first description in Russia of three clinical cases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-3599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедова</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамедова Елизавета Октаевна - к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения остеопороза и остеопатий.</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta O. Mamedova - MD, PhD.</p><p>11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilybet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-2447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пржиялковская</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Przhiyalkovskaya</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пржиялковская Елена Георгиевна - к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Przhiyalkovskaya - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">przhiyalkovskaya.elena@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-7791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурякина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buryakina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурякина Светлана Алексеевна - к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Buryakina - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sburyakina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-2297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондаренко Екатерина Владимировна - к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Bondarenko - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bondarenko.ekaterina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-6705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапшина</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshina</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапшина Анастасия Михайловна - к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya M. Lapshina - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nottoforget@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0559-4461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикунов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikunov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пикунов Михаил Юрьевич - к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Pikunov - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pikunov@ixv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-6441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белая</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belaya</surname><given-names>Zh. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белая Жанна Евгеньевна - д.м.н., заведующая отделением остеопороза и остеопатий.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna E. Belaya - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jannabelaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-6441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельниченко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельниченко Галина Афанасьевна - д.м.н., профессор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Melnichenko - MD, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teofrast2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National medical research center for surgery named after A.V. Vishnevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамедова Е.О., Пржиялковская Е.Г., Бурякина С.А., Бондаренко Е.В., Лапшина А.М., Пикунов М.Ю., Белая Ж.Е., Мельниченко Г.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамедова Е.О., Пржиялковская Е.Г., Бурякина С.А., Бондаренко Е.В., Лапшина А.М., Пикунов М.Ю., Белая Ж.Е., Мельниченко Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamedova E.O., Przhiyalkovskaya E.G., Buryakina S.A., Bondarenko E.V., Lapshina A.M., Pikunov M.Y., Belaya Z.E., Melnichenko G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13346">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13346</self-uri><abstract><p>Акромегалия — нейроэндокринное заболевание, возникающее вследствие избыточной продукции гормона роста (соматотропного гормона, СТГ). В большинстве случаев причиной акромегалии являются аденомы гипофиза, продуцирующие СТГ. Гораздо реже встречаются случаи эктопической акромегалии. Последняя возникает вследствие опухолей, продуцирующих гормон роста-рилизинг гормон (ГРРГ), или опухолей внегипофизарной локализации, продуцирующих СТГ. Основными источниками секреции ГРРГ являются нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) легких и поджелудочной железы. Лечение эктопической акромегалии заключается в хирургическом удалении источника гиперпродукции ГРРГ, а в случае невозможности радикального удаления используют аналоги соматостатина длительного действия, пэгвисомант, химиотерапию, иммунотерапию, лучевую терапию.</p><p>В данной статье приведено описание трех клинических случаев эктопической акромегалии вследствие ГРРГ-продуцирующих НЭО легких, каждый из которых примечателен рядом особенностей. В первых двух случаях акромегалия имела мягкое течение и неяркие клинические проявления, при этом во 2 случае имелось сочетание эктопической акромегалии и первичного гиперпаратиреоза. В 3 случае эктопическая акромегалия сочеталась с макроаденомой гипофиза, и после хирургического лечения НЭО ремиссия акромегалии не наступила. Во всех трех случаях НЭО легких были обнаружены случайно при проведении рентгенологического обследовании грудной клетки по поводу других состояний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Acromegaly is a neuroendocrine disorder caused by excessive production of growth hormone (GH). In the majority of cases the cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor producing GH. Cases of ectopic acromegaly are much rarer. Ectopic acromegaly occurs in cases of tumors which produce growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or extrapituitary tumors which produce GH. The main sources of excessive GHRH production are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung or pancreas. Treatment of ectopic acromegaly consists of surgical removal of the source of GHRH hyperproduction and in cases where surgery is not an option, somatostatin analogues, pegvisomant, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation therapy are used.In this article three cases of ectopic acromegaly due to GHRH-producing lung NETs are presented, each of them being notable for a number of features. In the first two cases, clinical symptoms were mild, besides in the second case ectopic acromegaly was accompanied by primary hyperparathyroidism. In the third case ectopic acromegaly was accompanied by pituitary macroadenoma, and after surgical removal of the lung NET remission of acromegaly was not achieved. In all three cases, lung NETs were detected incidentally on radiologic chest screening for other conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эктопическая акромегалия</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринные опухоли</kwd><kwd>гормон роста-рилизинг гормон</kwd><kwd>первичный гиперпаратиреоз</kwd><kwd>макроаденома гипофиза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ectopic acromegaly</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine tumors</kwd><kwd>growth hormone-releasing hormone</kwd><kwd>primary hyperparathyroidism</kwd><kwd>pituitary macroadenoma</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Поисково-аналитическая работа и подготовка статьи проведены за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №19-15-00398).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="cit1"><element-citation><name><surname>Belaya</surname> <given-names>Zhanna E.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Golounina</surname> <given-names>Olga O.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Rozhinskaya</surname> <given-names>Liudmila Y.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Melnichenko</surname> <given-names>Galina A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Isakov</surname> <given-names>Michail А.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lutsenko</surname> <given-names>Alexander S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Alekseeva</surname> <given-names>Tatiana</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Zenkova</surname> <given-names>Tatiana S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Przhiyalkovskaya</surname> <given-names>Elena G.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Panyushkina</surname> <given-names>Galina M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ilukhina</surname> <given-names>Olga B.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ivanova</surname> <given-names>Elena I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Krishtal</surname> <given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vachygova</surname> <given-names>Alla A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Pigarova</surname> <given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dzeranova</surname> <given-names>Larisa K.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Marova</surname> <given-names>Evgenia I.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Arapova</surname> <given-names>Svetlana D.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mamedova</surname> <given-names>Elizaveta O.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Grebennikova</surname> <given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Antsiferov</surname> <given-names>Mikhail B.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dreval</surname> <given-names>Alexander V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dedov</surname> <given-names>Ivan I.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and efficiency of different methods of treatment of acromegaly according to the United Russian Registry of Patients with Pituitary Tumors</article-title> <source>Problems of Endocrinology</source> <year>2020</year> <month>04</month> <fpage>93</fpage> <lpage>103</lpage> <volume>66</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.14341/probl10333</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit2"><element-citation><name><surname>Sakhnova</surname> <given-names>E. E.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Przhiyalkovskaya</surname> <given-names>E. G.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Belaya</surname> <given-names>Zh. E.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Melnichenko</surname> <given-names>G. A.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Discordant parameters of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone in the diagnosis and monitoring of acromegaly</article-title> <source>Problems of Endocrinology</source> <year>2022</year> <month>03</month> <fpage>40</fpage> <lpage>48</lpage> <volume>68</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.14341/probl12791</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit3"><element-citation><name><surname>Mamedova</surname> <given-names>Elizaveta</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vasilyev</surname> <given-names>Evgeny</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Petrov</surname> <given-names>Vasily</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Buryakina</surname> <given-names>Svetlana</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tiulpakov</surname> <given-names>Anatoly</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Belaya</surname> <given-names>Zhanna</given-names> </name> <article-title>Familial Acromegaly and Bilateral Asynchronous Pheochromocytomas in a Female Patient With a MAX Mutation: A Case Report</article-title> <source>Frontiers in Endocrinology</source> <year>2021</year> <month>05</month> <volume>12</volume> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.3389/fendo.2021.683492</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit4"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Chanson</surname> <given-names>P</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Salenave</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <article-title>Acromegaly.</article-title> <source>Orphanet J Rare Dis.</source> <year>2008</year>; <issue>3</issue>:<lpage>17</lpage>. doi: https://doi.org/<object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1186/1750-1172-3-17</object-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit5"><element-citation><name><surname>SANO</surname> <given-names>TOSHIAKI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>ASA</surname> <given-names>SYLVIA L.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>KOVACS</surname> <given-names>KALMAN</given-names> </name> <article-title>Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone-Producing Tumors: Clinical, Biochemical, and Morphological Manifestations*</article-title> <source>Endocrine Reviews</source> <year>2009</year> <month>02</month> <fpage>357</fpage> <lpage>373</lpage> <volume>9</volume> <issue>3</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1210/edrv-9-3-357</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit6"><element-citation><name><surname>Ramírez</surname> <given-names>Claudia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Hernández-Ramirez</surname> <given-names>Laura-Cristina</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Espinosa-de-los-Monteros</surname> <given-names>Ana-Laura</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Franco</surname> <given-names>Juan Manuel</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Guinto</surname> <given-names>Gerardo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mercado</surname> <given-names>Moises</given-names> </name> <article-title>Ectopic acromegaly due to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus: a case report and review of the literature</article-title> <source>BMC Research Notes</source> <year>2013</year> <month>10</month> <volume>6</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1186/1756-0500-6-411</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit7"><element-citation><name><surname>Melmed</surname> <given-names>Shlomo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ezrin</surname> <given-names>Calvin</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kovacs</surname> <given-names>Kalman</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Goodman</surname> <given-names>Robert S.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Frohman</surname> <given-names>Lawrence A.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Acromegaly Due to Secretion of Growth Hormone by an Ectopic Pancreatic Islet-Cell Tumor</article-title> <source>New England Journal of Medicine</source> <year>2010</year> <month>07</month> <fpage>9</fpage> <lpage>17</lpage> <volume>312</volume> <issue>1</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1056/nejm198501033120103</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit8"><element-citation><name><surname>Beuschlein</surname> <given-names>Felix</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Strasburger</surname> <given-names>Christian J.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Siegerstetter</surname> <given-names>Volker</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Moradpour</surname> <given-names>Darius</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Lichter</surname> <given-names>Peter</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bidlingmaier</surname> <given-names>Martin</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Blum</surname> <given-names>Hubert E.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Reincke</surname> <given-names>Martin</given-names> </name> <article-title>Acromegaly Caused by Secretion of Growth Hormone by a Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma</article-title> <source>New England Journal of Medicine</source> <year>2002</year> <month>07</month> <fpage>1871</fpage> <lpage>1876</lpage> <volume>342</volume> <issue>25</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1056/nejm200006223422504</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit9"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Faglia</surname> <given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Arosio</surname> <given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Bazzoni</surname> <given-names>N.</given-names></name> <article-title>Ectopic acromegaly.</article-title> <source>Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.</source> <year>1992</year>; <issue>21(3)</issue>:<fpage>575</fpage>-<lpage>595</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit10"><element-citation><name><surname>Guillemin</surname> <given-names>Roger</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Brazeau</surname> <given-names>Paul</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bohlen</surname> <given-names>Peter</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Esch</surname> <given-names>Frederick</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ling</surname> <given-names>Nicholas</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Wehrenberg</surname> <given-names>William B.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor from a Human Pancreatic Tumor That Caused Acromegaly</article-title> <source>Science</source> <year>2006</year> <month>10</month> <fpage>585</fpage> <lpage>587</lpage> <volume>218</volume> <issue>4572</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1126/science.6812220</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit11"><element-citation><name><surname>Rivier</surname> <given-names>Jean</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Spiess</surname> <given-names>Joachim</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Thorner</surname> <given-names>Michael</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vale</surname> <given-names>Wylie</given-names> </name> <article-title>Characterization of a growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic islet tumour</article-title> <source>Nature</source> <year>2004</year> <month>11</month> <fpage>276</fpage> <lpage>278</lpage> <volume>300</volume> <issue>5889</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1038/300276a0</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit12"><element-citation><name><surname>Garby</surname> <given-names>Laetitia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Caron</surname> <given-names>Philippe</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Claustrat</surname> <given-names>Francine</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Chanson</surname> <given-names>Philippe</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tabarin</surname> <given-names>Antoine</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Rohmer</surname> <given-names>Vincent</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Arnault</surname> <given-names>Gwenaëlle</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bonnet</surname> <given-names>Fabrice</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Chabre</surname> <given-names>Olivier</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Christin-Maitre</surname> <given-names>Sophie</given-names> </name> <name><surname>du-Boullay</surname> <given-names>Hélène</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Murat</surname> <given-names>Arnaud</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Nakib</surname> <given-names>Ihab</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sadoul</surname> <given-names>Jean-Louis</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sassolas</surname> <given-names>Geneviève</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Claustrat</surname> <given-names>Bruno</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Raverot</surname> <given-names>Gérald</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Borson-Chazot</surname> <given-names>Françoise</given-names> </name>  <article-title>Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Acromegaly Induced by Ectopic Secretion of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH): A French Nationwide Series of 21 Cases</article-title> <source>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</source> <year>2012</year> <month>03</month> <fpage>2093</fpage> <lpage>2104</lpage> <volume>97</volume> <issue>6</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1210/jc.2011-2930</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit13"><element-citation><name><surname>Ghazi</surname> <given-names>Ali A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Amirbaigloo</surname> <given-names>Alireza</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dezfooli</surname> <given-names>Azizollah Abbasi</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Saadat</surname> <given-names>Navid</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ghazi</surname> <given-names>Siavash</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Pourafkari</surname> <given-names>Marina</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tirgari</surname> <given-names>Farrokh</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dhall</surname> <given-names>Dheepti</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bannykh</surname> <given-names>Serguei</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Melmed</surname> <given-names>Shlomo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Cooper</surname> <given-names>Odelia</given-names> </name> <article-title>Ectopic acromegaly due to growth hormone releasing hormone</article-title> <source>Endocrine</source> <year>2012</year> <month>09</month> <fpage>293</fpage> <lpage>302</lpage> <volume>43</volume> <issue>2</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1007/s12020-012-9790-0</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit14"><element-citation><name><surname>Zendran</surname> <given-names>Iga</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Gut</surname> <given-names>Gabriela</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kałużny</surname> <given-names>Marcin</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Zawadzka</surname> <given-names>Katarzyna</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bolanowski</surname> <given-names>Marek</given-names> </name> <article-title>Acromegaly Caused by Ectopic Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Secretion: A Review</article-title> <source>Frontiers in Endocrinology</source> <year>2022</year> <month>06</month> <volume>13</volume> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.3389/fendo.2022.867965</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit15"><element-citation><name><surname>Ravindra</surname> <given-names>Vijay M.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Raheja</surname> <given-names>Amol</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Corn</surname> <given-names>Heather</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Driscoll</surname> <given-names>Meghan</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Welt</surname> <given-names>Corrine</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Simmons</surname> <given-names>Debra L.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Couldwell</surname> <given-names>William T.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Primary pituitary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with somatotroph hyperplasia and acromegaly: case report</article-title> <source>Journal of Neurosurgery</source> <year>2016</year> <month>08</month> <fpage>1725</fpage> <lpage>1730</lpage> <volume>126</volume> <issue>5</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.3171/2016.5.jns16828</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit16"><element-citation><name><surname>Southgate</surname> <given-names>H J</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Archbold</surname> <given-names>G P R</given-names> </name> <name><surname>El-Sayed</surname> <given-names>M E</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Wright</surname> <given-names>J</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Marks</surname> <given-names>V</given-names> </name> <article-title>Ectopic release of GHRH and ACTH from an adenoid cystic carcinoma resulting in acromegaly and complicated by pituitary infarction</article-title> <source>Postgraduate Medical Journal</source> <year>2008</year> <month>12</month> <fpage>145</fpage> <lpage>148</lpage> <volume>64</volume> <issue>748</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1136/pgmj.64.748.145</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit17"><element-citation><name><surname>Potorac</surname> <given-names>Iulia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bonneville</surname> <given-names>Jean-François</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Daly</surname> <given-names>Adrian F</given-names> </name> <name><surname>de Herder</surname> <given-names>Wouter</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Fainstein-Day</surname> <given-names>Patricia</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Chanson</surname> <given-names>Philippe</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Korbonits</surname> <given-names>Marta</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Cordido</surname> <given-names>Fernando</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Baranski Lamback</surname> <given-names>Elisa</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Abid</surname> <given-names>Mohamed</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Raverot</surname> <given-names>Véronique</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Raverot</surname> <given-names>Gerald</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Anda Apiñániz</surname> <given-names>Emma</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Caron</surname> <given-names>Philippe</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Du Boullay</surname> <given-names>Helene</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bidlingmaier</surname> <given-names>Martin</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bolanowski</surname> <given-names>Marek</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Laloi-Michelin</surname> <given-names>Marie</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Borson-Chazot</surname> <given-names>Francoise</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Chabre</surname> <given-names>Olivier</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Christin-Maitre</surname> <given-names>Sophie</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Briet</surname> <given-names>Claire</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Diaz-Soto</surname> <given-names>Gonzalo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bonneville</surname> <given-names>Fabrice</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Castinetti</surname> <given-names>Frederic</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Gadelha</surname> <given-names>Mônica R</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Oliveira Santana</surname> <given-names>Nathalie</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Stelmachowska-Banaś</surname> <given-names>Maria</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Gudbjartsson</surname> <given-names>Tomas</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Villar-Taibo</surname> <given-names>Roció</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Zornitzki</surname> <given-names>Taiba</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tshibanda</surname> <given-names>Luaba</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Petrossians</surname> <given-names>Patrick</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Beckers</surname> <given-names>Albert</given-names> </name> <article-title>Pituitary MRI Features in Acromegaly Resulting From Ectopic GHRH Secretion From a Neuroendocrine Tumor: Analysis of 30 Cases</article-title> <source>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</source> <year>2022</year> <month>05</month> <fpage>e3313</fpage> <lpage>e3320</lpage> <volume>107</volume> <issue>8</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1210/clinem/dgac274</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit18"><element-citation><name><surname>Lonser</surname> <given-names>Russell R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Kindzelski</surname> <given-names>Bogdan A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mehta</surname> <given-names>Gautam U.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Jane</surname> <given-names>John A.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Oldfield</surname> <given-names>Edward H.</given-names> </name> <article-title>Acromegaly without Imaging Evidence of Pituitary Adenoma</article-title> <source>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</source> <year>2010</year> <month>07</month> <fpage>4192</fpage> <lpage>4196</lpage> <volume>95</volume> <issue>9</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1210/jc.2010-0570</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit19"><element-citation><name><surname>Khadgawat</surname> <given-names>Rajesh</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Khandelwal</surname> <given-names>Deepak</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mukund</surname> <given-names>Amar</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Suri</surname> <given-names>Ashish</given-names> </name> <article-title>Acromegaly with no pituitary adenoma and no evidence of ectopic source</article-title> <source>Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism</source> <year>2011</year> <month>09</month> <fpage>250</fpage> <volume>15</volume> <issue>7</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.4103/2230-8210.84878</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit20"><element-citation><name><surname>Scheithauer</surname> <given-names>Bernd W</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Carpenter</surname> <given-names>Paul C</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bloch</surname> <given-names>Bertrand</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Brazeau</surname> <given-names>Paul</given-names> </name> <article-title>Ectopic secretion of a growth hormone-releasing factor</article-title> <source>The American Journal of Medicine</source> <year>2004</year> <month>04</month> <fpage>605</fpage> <lpage>616</lpage> <volume>76</volume> <issue>4</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1016/0002-9343(84)90284-5</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit21"><element-citation><name><surname>Gola</surname> <given-names>Monica</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Doga</surname> <given-names>Mauro</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bonadonna</surname> <given-names>Stefania</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Mazziotti</surname> <given-names>Gherardo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Vescovi</surname> <given-names>Pier Paolo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Giustina</surname> <given-names>Andrea</given-names> </name> <article-title>Neuroendocrine tumors secreting growth hormone-releasing hormone: Pathophysiological and clinical aspects</article-title> <source>Pituitary</source> <year>2006</year> <month>10</month> <fpage>221</fpage> <lpage>229</lpage> <volume>9</volume> <issue>3</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1007/s11102-006-0267-0</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit22"><element-citation><name><surname>Bertherat</surname> <given-names>J</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Turpin</surname> <given-names>G</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Rauch</surname> <given-names>C</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Li</surname> <given-names>J Y</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Epelbaum</surname> <given-names>J</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sassolas</surname> <given-names>G</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Schaison</surname> <given-names>G</given-names> </name> <article-title>Presence of somatostatin receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone- and alpha-subunit-secreting tumors from acromegalic patients responsive to octreotide.</article-title> <source>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</source> <year>2014</year> <month>01</month> <fpage>1457</fpage> <lpage>1464</lpage> <volume>79</volume> <issue>5</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1210/jcem.79.5.7962343</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit23"><element-citation><name><surname>SHINTANI</surname> <given-names>YASUMI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>YOSHIMOTO</surname> <given-names>KATSUHIKO</given-names> </name> <name><surname>HORIE</surname> <given-names>HIDEAKI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>SANO</surname> <given-names>TOSHIAKI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>KANESAKI</surname> <given-names>YOSHIKO</given-names> </name> <name><surname>HOSOI</surname> <given-names>EMIKO</given-names> </name> <name><surname>YOKOGOSHI</surname> <given-names>YUTAKA</given-names> </name> <name><surname>BANDO</surname> <given-names>HIROSHI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>IWAHANA</surname> <given-names>HIROYUKI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>KANNUKI</surname> <given-names>SEIJI</given-names> </name> <name><surname>MATSUMOTO</surname> <given-names>KEIZO</given-names> </name> <name><surname>ITAKURA</surname> <given-names>MITSUO</given-names> </name> <name><surname>SAITO</surname> <given-names>SHIRO</given-names> </name> <article-title>Two Different Pituitary Adenomas in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Associated with Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone-Producing Pancreatic Tumor: Clinical and Genetic Features.</article-title> <source>Endocrine Journal</source> <year>2008</year> <month>01</month> <fpage>331</fpage> <lpage>340</lpage> <volume>42</volume> <issue>3</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1507/endocrj.42.331</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit24"><element-citation><name><surname>Thakker</surname> <given-names>Rajesh V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Newey</surname> <given-names>Paul J.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Walls</surname> <given-names>Gerard V.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Bilezikian</surname> <given-names>John</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Dralle</surname> <given-names>Henning</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Ebeling</surname> <given-names>Peter R.</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Melmed</surname> <given-names>Shlomo</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Sakurai</surname> <given-names>Akihiro</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Tonelli</surname> <given-names>Francesco</given-names> </name> <name><surname>Brandi</surname> <given-names>Maria Luisa</given-names> </name> <article-title>Clinical Practice Guidelines for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1)</article-title> <source>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</source> <year>2012</year> <month>06</month> <fpage>2990</fpage> <lpage>3011</lpage> <volume>97</volume> <issue>9</issue> <object-id pub-id-type="doi" specific-use="metadata">10.1210/jc.2012-1230</object-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="cit25"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Mamedova</surname> <given-names>E.O.</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Mokrysheva</surname> <given-names>N.G.</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Przhiyalkovskaya</surname> <given-names>E.G.</given-names></name> i soavt. <article-title>Varianty i fenokopii sindroma mnozhestvennykh endokrinnykh neoplazii 1-go tipa.</article-title> <source>Terapevticheskii arkhiv.</source> <year>2014</year>; <issue>86(10)</issue>:<fpage>87</fpage>-<lpage>91</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="cit26"><mixed-citation publication-type="commun" publication-format="web"><name><surname>Knyazeva</surname> <given-names>O.V.</given-names></name> <article-title>Prediktory i chastota razvitiya novoobrazovanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy i zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u patsientov s akromegaliei</article-title>: Dis. ... kand. med. nauk. — Moskva; <year>2016</year> g. Dostupno po: https://www.endocrincentr.ru/sites/default/files/specialists/science/dissertation/1diss_kniazeva_v2.pdf?ysclid=lky09llvkf123399757 Ssylka aktivna na 10.08.2023 g.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
