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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl13475</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-13475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical endocrinology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы применения свёрточных нейронных сетей в цитологической диагностике узловых образований щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospects for the application of convolutional neural networks in the cytological diagnosis of thyroid nodules</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-4428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солопов Максим Витальевич, биолог лаборатории клеточного и тканевого культивирования, специалист по работе с системами искусственного интеллекта</p><p>283016, Донецк, ул. Аравийская, д. 4, кв. 158</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Solopov</p><p>4 Aravijskaya street, apt. 158, 283016 Donetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mxsolopov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кавелина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kavelina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кавелина Анна Станиславовна, к.м.н., биолог лаборатории клеточного и тканевого культивирования, специалист по цитологической диагностике ТАПБ щитовидной железы</p><p>Донецк</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57190676738</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Kavelina, MD, PhD</p><p>Donetsk</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57190676738</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annakavelina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попандопуло</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popandopulo</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попандопуло Андрей Геннадиевич, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией клеточного и тканевого культивирования, врач-хирург</p><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Popandopulo, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Donetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pag.lctc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-4904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турчин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turchin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турчин Виктор Васильевич, биолог лаборатории клеточного и тканевого культивирования </p><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor V. Turchin</p><p>Donetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turchin.dn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-6922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ищенко Роман Викторович, д.м.н., директор </p><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Ishchenko, MD, PhD</p><p>Donetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ishenkorv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-6860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филимонов Дмитрий Алексеевич, д.м.н., заместитель директора по научной работе </p><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Filimonov, MD, PhD</p><p>Donetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neuro.dnmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.K. Gusak Institute of Emergency and Reconstructive Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Солопов М.В., Кавелина А.С., Попандопуло А.Г., Турчин В.В., Ищенко Р.В., Филимонов Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солопов М.В., Кавелина А.С., Попандопуло А.Г., Турчин В.В., Ищенко Р.В., Филимонов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solopov M.V., Kavelina A.S., Popandopulo A.G., Turchin V.V., Ishchenko R.V., Filimonov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13475">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13475</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Цитологическое исследование очаговых образований щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) является золотым стандартом диагностической программы верификации доброкачественных и злокачественных поражений этого органа. Рост заболеваемости, недостаток специалистов и потребность автоматизации медицинской диагностики делают применение машинного обучения, особенно свёрточных нейронных сетей, перспективным направлением в цитологической диагностике патологии ЩЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ и оценка роли свёрточных нейронных сетей в цитологической диагностике патологии ЩЖ, исследование их потенциала для повышения точности и автоматизации диагностических процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Анализ литературы из баз данных Pubmed, Google Scholar и научной электронной библиотеки elibrary.ru с использованием ключевых слов «thyroid», «cytology», «cytopathology», «fine-needle aspiration biopsy», «neural network» и «convolutional neural network». Для анализа отобрано 12 статей, опубликованных с 2018 по 2023 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В работе рассмотрены основные принципы устройства свёрточных нейронных сетей и показатели, которые используются для оценки их качества. Выполнен анализ исследований по применению свёрточных нейронных сетей в цитологической диагностике патологии ЩЖ. В соответствии с результатами указанные нейронные сети классифицируют патологические состояния с высокой точностью и чувствительностью, сравнимой с работой опытного цитолога. Точность классификации папиллярного рака может достигать 99,7%. Однако отсутствие единых стандартов подготовки изображений для обучения нейронных сетей, недостаточное количество исследований с использованием многоцентровых данных и узкий диагностический спектр имеющихся нейросетевых моделей пока ограничивает внедрение таких систем искусственного интеллекта в цитологическую диагностическую практику.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Имеющиеся результаты исследований разнообразных вариантов использования свёрточных нейронных сетей в цитологической диагностике патологии ЩЖ имеют все шансы стать инициатором серьезного сдвига парадигмы привычной цитопатологии в сторону цифровой и вычислительной цитопатологии, в которых основные функции будут выполнять системы на основе искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. Analysis and assessment of the role of convolutional neural networks in the cytological diagnosis of the thyroid pathology, exploring their potential for increasing the accuracy and automation of diagnostic processes.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. Analysis of literature from Pubmed, Google Scholar and the scientific electronic library elibrary.ru using the keywords «thyroid», «cytology», «cytopathology», «fine-needle aspiration biopsy», «neural network» and «convolutional neural network». 12 articles published from 2018 to 2023 were selected for analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The paper discusses the basic principles of the design of convolutional neural networks and the metrics that are used to assess their quality. An analysis of studies on the use of convolutional neural networks in the cytological diagnosis of the thyroid pathology was performed. According to the results, these neural networks classify pathological conditions with high accuracy and sensitivity, comparable to the work of an experienced cytologist. The accuracy of classification of papillary carcinoma can reach 99.7%. However, the lack of uniform standards for preparing images for training neural networks, the insufficient number of studies using multicenter data, and the narrow diagnostic range of available neural network models still limit the implementation of such AI systems in cytological diagnostic practice.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The available research results on various options for using convolutional neural networks in the cytological diagnosis of the thyroid pathology have every chance of becoming the initiator of a serious paradigm shift in conventional cytopathology towards digital and computational cytopathology, in which the main functions will be performed by AI systems.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>узловое образование</kwd><kwd>свёрточная нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>тонко­игольная аспирационная биопсия</kwd><kwd>цитодиагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>thyroid nodule</kwd><kwd>convolutional neural network</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>fine-needle aspiration biopsy</kwd><kwd>cytodiagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tran NQ, Le BH, Hoang CK, Nguyen HT, Thai TT. 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