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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl13529</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-13529</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Репродуктивная эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reproductive Endocrinology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трудности дифференциальной диагностики функциональной гипоталамической аменореи и синдрома поликистозных яичников: систематический  обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Difficulties of differential diagnosis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-5367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абсатарова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Absatarova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абсатарова Юлия Сергеевна, к.м.н. </p><p>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Absatarova, MD, PhD</p><p>11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korsil2008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8189-1384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеева</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseeva</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евсеева Юлия Сергеевна</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Evseeva, resident</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Evseeva.julia09@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-0020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Елена Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Andreeva, MD, PhD, professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">endogin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-0254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шереметьева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheremetyeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шереметьева Екатерина Викторовна, к.м.н.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Sheremetyeva, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s1981k@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-7420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорян</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryan</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорян Ольга Рафаэльевна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga R. Grigoryan, MD, PhD, professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iceberg1995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-3186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михеев Роберт Константинович </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Robert K. Mikheev, MD, resident</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iceberg1995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии; Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre; Russian university of medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абсатарова Ю.С., Евсеева Ю.С., Андреева Е.Н., Шереметьева Е.В., Григорян О.Р., Михеев Р.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абсатарова Ю.С., Евсеева Ю.С., Андреева Е.Н., Шереметьева Е.В., Григорян О.Р., Михеев Р.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Absatarova Y.S., Evseeva Y.S., Andreeva E.N., Sheremetyeva E.V., Grigoryan O.R., Mikheev R.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13529">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13529</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Функциональная гипоталамическая аменорея (ФГА) и синдром поликистозных яичников (СПЯ) — это патологии, наиболее часто встречающиеся у женщин в репродуктивном возрасте. ФГА развивается на фоне психоэмоционального стресса или чрезмерных физических нагрузок и характеризуется угнетением нейроэндокринной регуляции оси гипоталамус-гипофиз-яичники с последующим снижением выработки половых стероидов. Для СПЯ важнейшими патогенетическими звеньями являются инсулинорезистентность и гиперандрогения. Патология нейроэндокринной регуляции при овариальной гиперандрогении сопровождается избыточной пульсирующей секрецией гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормон (ГнРГ), способствуя усилению выработки лютеинизирующего гормона (ЛГ). Как ФГА, так и СПЯ, приводит к множественным осложнениям со стороны других органов и систем: сердечно-сосудистой патологии, снижению минеральной плотности костной ткани (МПКТ) при длительной аменорее и способствует развитию бесплодия.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: изучить и проанализировать работы, изучающие проблемы дифференциальной диагностики ФГА и СПЯ.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. С помощью поисковых систем PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru проведен систематический литературный поиск статей за последние 6 лет, отвечающих следующим критериям: работы, в которых описаны методы и разработаны критерии дифференциальной диагностики ФГА и СПЯ. Также в обзор включены отдельные значимые публикации за период с 1998 по 2018 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В данном обзоре освещены дифференциально-диагностические критерии ФГА и СПЯ. Описаны особенности клинических, лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. Проанализированы публикации, описывающие сосуществование данных патологий у женщин, и подробно описаны методы, позволяющие дифференцировать эти нозологии.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Правильно и своевременно установленный диагноз способствует назначению соответствующих схем лечения, снижает частоту развития осложнений и повышает качество жизни. В свете последних достижений в описании механизмов нейроэндокринной регуляции репродуктивной системы необходимо проводить исследования, посвященные изучению роли нейропептидов в развитии ФГА и СПЯ, что может послужить созданию более точных диагностических маркеров заболеваний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are pathologies most common in women of reproductive age. Menstrual irregularities (oligo/amenorrhea) are the most common symptom of these diseases. FHA develops against the background of stress or excessive physical exertion, and is characterized by inhibition of neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis with a subsequent decrease in the production of sex steroids. For PCOS, the most important pathogenetic links are insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. The pathology of neuroendocrine regulation in ovarian hyperandrogenism is accompanied by excessive pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), promoting increased production of luteinizing hormone (LH). Both FHA and PCOS lead to multiple complications from other organs and systems: cardiovascular pathology, decreased bone mineral density with prolonged amenorrhea and contribute to the development of infertility. </p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. To analyze the works studying the problems of differential diagnosis of FHA and PCOS. </p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. Using PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru, a systematic search was conducted for articles published over the past 6 years that met the following criteria: the research that describe methods and develop criteria for the differential diagnosis of FHA and PCOS. Selected impactive publications within 1998–2018 were also included in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. This review highlights the differential diagnostic criteria for FHA and PCOS. The features of clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies are also described. Publications describing the coexistence of these pathologies in women are analyzed, and methods that allow differentiating these nosologies are described in detail. </p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. A correct and timely diagnosis facilitates the prescription of appropriate treatment regimens, reduces the incidence of complications and improves the quality of life of women. In light of recent advances in the description of the mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive system, it is necessary to further conduct research to study the role of neuropeptides in the development of FHA and PCOS, which may serve to create more accurate diagnostic markers of diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная гипоталамическая аменорея</kwd><kwd>синдром поликистозных яичников</kwd><kwd>гиперандрогения</kwd><kwd>нервная анорексия</kwd><kwd>ановуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional hypothalamic amenorrhea</kwd><kwd>polycystic ovary syndrome</kwd><kwd>hyperandrogenism</kwd><kwd>anorexia nervosa</kwd><kwd>anovulation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания №123021300169-4 «Эпигенетические предикторы и метаболомная составляющая аменореи различного генеза у женщин репродуктивного возраста», 2023–2025 гг.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hager M, Dewailly D, Marculescu R, et al. 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