<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl13580</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-13580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая эндокринология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical endocrinology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение тоцилизумаба при тяжелой эндокринной офтальмопатии с оптической нейропатией, рефрактерной к глюкокортикоидам, в клинической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The use of tocilizumab in severe glucocorticoid-resistant endocrine ophthalmopathy with optic neuropathy in clinical practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-5354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свириденко</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridenko</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свириденко Наталья Юрьевна, д.м.н., профессор </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Yu. Sviridenko, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natsvir@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3085-8919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананичева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananicheva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ананичева Елена Викторовна, врач-эндокринолог</p><p>644092, Омск, ул. Перелёта, д. 7 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Ananicheva</p><p>7 Pereleta street, 644092 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.ananicheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6007-457X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гершевич</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershevich</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гершевич Вадим Михайлович, к.м.н., доцент </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim M. Gershevich, PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgershevich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-8243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груша</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grusha</surname><given-names>Y. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Груша Ярослав Олегович, д.м.н., профессор </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav O. Grusha, MD, ScD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grusha-y@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8957-1622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепилев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepilev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепилев Константин Андреевич </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Chepilev</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chepilev119@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-1529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суров Александр Владимирович, к.м.н., доцент </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Surov, PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abc55.79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6152-9156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юргель</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurgel</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юргель Вера Владимировна </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera V. Yurgel</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vv.yurgel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1063-7699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щукин</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchukin</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щукин Константин Сергеевич </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin S. Shchukin</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shykin@ookob.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5910-6502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессмертная</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessmertnaya</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бессмертная Елена Григорьевна, к.м.н. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Bessmertnaya, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bessmertnaya.eg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-5648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билевич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilevich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Билевич Ольга Анатольевна, к.м.н., доцент </p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Bilevich, PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bilewich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница №1 им. А.Н. Кабанова;&#13;
Клиническая офтальмологическая больница им. В.П. Выходцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 1 Named After A.N. Kabanov;&#13;
Clinical Ophthalmologic Hospital named after V.P. Vykhodtsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. М.М. Краснова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases Named After M.M. Krasnov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиническая офтальмологическая больница им. В.П. Выходцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Ophthalmologic Hospital named after V.P. Vykhodtsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет;&#13;
Клиническая офтальмологическая больница им. В.П. Выходцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University;&#13;
Clinical Ophthalmologic Hospital named after V.P. Vykhodtsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница №1 им. А.Н. Кабанова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 1 Named After A.N. Kabanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница №1 им. А.Н. Кабанова;&#13;
Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 1 Named After A.N. Kabanov;&#13;
Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свириденко Н.Ю., Ананичева Е.В., Гершевич В.М., Груша Я.О., Чепилев К.А., Суров А.В., Юргель В.В., Щукин К.С., Бессмертная Е.Г., Билевич О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свириденко Н.Ю., Ананичева Е.В., Гершевич В.М., Груша Я.О., Чепилев К.А., Суров А.В., Юргель В.В., Щукин К.С., Бессмертная Е.Г., Билевич О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sviridenko N.Y., Ananicheva E.V., Gershevich V.M., Grusha Y.O., Chepilev K.A., Surov A.V., Yurgel V.V., Shchukin K.S., Bessmertnaya E.G., Bilevich O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13580">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13580</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндокринная офтальмопатия (ЭОП) — аутоиммунная патология тканей орбиты, ассоциированная с аутоиммунной патологией щитовидной железы. Наиболее часто она сочетается с болезнью Грейвса. Клиническая картина ЭОП чрезвычайно разнообразна, варьирует от легкого поражения орбиты до потенциально угрожающей зрению оптической нейропатии. Ранняя диагностика активной фазы ЭОП имеет важное значение, поскольку иммуносупрессивная терапия оказывает свое действие только в активной фазе, в то время как лечение пациентов в неактивной фазе включает только реабилитационную хирургию. Высокодозные внутривенные глюкокортикоиды являются первой линией лечения пациентов с умеренной и тяжелой активной ЭОП. Глюкокортикоиды широко используются и обладают противовоспалительной и иммуносупрессивной активностью, но около 20–30% пациентов остаются резистентными к введению глюкокортикоидов. Одним из перспективных направлений в лечении ЭОП, резистентной к глюкокортикоидам, являются моноклональные антитела, направленные против определенных эпитопов антигена. Нами представлен клинический случай применения тоцилизумаба при тяжелой ЭОП с оптической нейропатией, рефрактерной к глюкокортикоидам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune pathology of the orbital tissues associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, most commonly occurring with Graves’ disease. The clinical presentation of TED is extremely diverse, ranging from mild orbital involvement to potentially vision-threatening optical neuropathy. Early diagnosis of the active phase of TED is crucial, as immunosuppressive therapy is effective only during this phase, while treatment for patients in the inactive phase consists only of rehabilitative surgery. High-dose intravenous glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for patients with moderate to severe active TED. Glucocorticoids are widely used due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, but about 20–30% of patients remain resistant to glucocorticoid treatment. One promising direction in the treatment of glucocorticoid-resistant TED is the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting specific antigen epitopes. We present a clinical case of tocilizumab treatment in severe glucocorticoid-resistant TED complicated by optic neuropathy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндокринная офтальмопатия</kwd><kwd>оптическая нейропатия</kwd><kwd>метилпреднизолон</kwd><kwd>рефрактерность к глюкокортикоидам</kwd><kwd>тоцилизумаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Graves’ orbitopathy</kwd><kwd>thyroid eye disease</kwd><kwd>optic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>methylprednisolone</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoid resistance</kwd><kwd>tocilizumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, et al. Graves’ disease: Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;34(1):101388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, et al. Graves’ disease: Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;34(1):101388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свириденко Н.Ю. Глава 4. Эндокринная офтальмопатия - аутоиммунная патология глаз / Н. Ю. Свириденко // Аутоиммунная патология щитовидной железы и эндокринная офтальмопатия. — Москва : Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Типография «Печатных Дел Мастер», 2020. – С. 68-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sviridenko NYu. Glava 4. Endokrinnaya oftal’mopatiya - autoimmunnaya patologiya glaz / N. Yu. Sviridenko // Autoimmunnaya patologiya shchitovidnoj zhelezy i endokrinnaya oftal’mopatiya. — Moskva : Obshchestvo s ogranichennoj otvetstvennost’yu. «Tipografiya «Pechatnyh Del Master», 2020. S. 68-73. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon JS, Kikkawa DO. Thyroid eye disease: From pathogenesis to targeted therapies. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2022;12(1):3-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_51_21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon JS, Kikkawa DO. Thyroid eye disease: From pathogenesis to targeted therapies. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2022;12(1):3-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_51_21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Men CJ, Kossler AL, Wester ST. Updates on the understanding and management of thyroid eye disease. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2021;13:25158414211027760. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414211027760</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Men CJ, Kossler AL, Wester ST. Updates on the understanding and management of thyroid eye disease. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2021;13:25158414211027760. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414211027760</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodgson NM, Rajaii F. Current Understanding of the Progression and Management of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(1):21-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-019-00226-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodgson NM, Rajaii F. Current Understanding of the Progression and Management of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(1):21-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-019-00226-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moi L, Hamedani M, Ribi C. Long-term outcomes in corticosteroid-refractory Graves’ orbitopathy treated with tocilizumab. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022;97(3):363-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moi L, Hamedani M, Ribi C. Long-term outcomes in corticosteroid-refractory Graves’ orbitopathy treated with tocilizumab. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022;97(3):363-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14655</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бровкина А.Ф. Оптическая нейропатия и отёчный экзофтальм: симптом или осложнение? // Офтальмол. ведомости. 2020. №1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/opticheskaya-neyropatiya-i-otyochnyy-ekzoftalm-simptom-ili-oslozhnenie</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovkina A.F. Optikusneuropathie und ödematöser Exophthalmus: Symptom oder Komplikation? // Oftalmol. vedomosti. 2020. Nr. 1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/opticheskaya-neyropatiya-i-otyochnyy-ekzoftalm-simptom-ili-oslozhnenie</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelewicz-Sowa M, Miśkiewicz P. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: emerging treatment strategies. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023;46(7):1305-1316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-023-02036-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelewicz-Sowa M, Miśkiewicz P. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: emerging treatment strategies. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023;46(7):1305-1316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-023-02036-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolman PJ. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: evaluation and management. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(3):421-429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01361-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolman PJ. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: evaluation and management. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(3):421-429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01361-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронцов А.В., Свириденко Н.Ю., Ремизов О.В. Глава 9. Визуализирующие методы исследования орбит в диагностике эндокринной офтальмопатии. – 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voroncov AV, Sviridenko NYu, Remizov OV. Glava 9. Vizualiziruyushchie metody issledovaniya orbit v diagnostike endokrinnoj oftal’mopatii. – 2020. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, et al. The 2021 European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves’ orbitopathy. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2021;185(4): G43–G67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0479</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, et al. The 2021 European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves’ orbitopathy. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2021;185(4): G43–G67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0479</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, Cooper DS, Dolman PJ, Leung AM, Mombaerts I, Salvi M, Stan MN. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022;32(12):1439-1470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2022.0251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, Cooper DS, Dolman PJ, Leung AM, Mombaerts I, Salvi M, Stan MN. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022;32(12):1439-1470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2022.0251</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Груша Я.О., Кочетков П.А., Свириденко Н.Ю., Колодина А.С., Дзамихов И.К. Костная декомпрессия орбиты при эндокринной офтальмопатии. // Вестник офтальмологии. — 2024. — Т.140. — №1. — С.103-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140011103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grusha YaO, Kochetkov PA, Sviridenko NYu, Kolodina AS, Dzamikhov IK. Knochendekompression der Augenhöhle bei endokriner Ophthalmopathie. Bulletin der Augenheilkunde. 2024;140(1):103-108 (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140011103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бессмертная Е.Г., Михеенков А.А., Колодина A.С., Аксенова Т.Н., Бабаева Д.М., Груша Я.О., Свириденко Н.Ю. Этапность и преемственность лечения эндокринной офтальмопатии при болезни Грейвса. // Проблемы Эндокринологии. — 2024. — Т.70. —№3. — С.46-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/probl13307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessmertnaya EG, Mikheenkov AA, Kolodina AS, Aksenova TN, Babaeva DM, Grusha YaO, Sviridenko NYu. Phasing and continuity of the treatment of thyroid eye disease in patients with Graves’ disease. Problems of Endocrinology. 2024;70(3):46-54. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/probl13307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moi L, Hamedani M, Ribi C. Long-term outcomes in corticosteroid-refractory Graves’ orbitopathy treated with tocilizumab. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022;97(3):363-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moi L, Hamedani M, Ribi C. Long-term outcomes in corticosteroid-refractory Graves’ orbitopathy treated with tocilizumab. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022;97(3):363-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14655</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Bilbao L, Martínez-López D, Revenga M, López-Vázquez Á, Valls-Pascual E, et al. Anti-IL-6 Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves’ Orbitopathy: National Multicenter Observational Study of 48 Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(9):2816. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092816</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez-Bilbao L, Martínez-López D, Revenga M, López-Vázquez Á, Valls-Pascual E, et al. Anti-IL-6 Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves’ Orbitopathy: National Multicenter Observational Study of 48 Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(9):2816. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092816</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehmet A, Panagiotopoulou EK, Konstantinidis A, Papagoras C, Skendros P, Dardabounis D, Mikropoulou AM, Labiris G. Α Case of Severe Thyroid Eye Disease Treated with Tocilizumab. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2021;64(1):64-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2021.12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehmet A, Panagiotopoulou EK, Konstantinidis A, Papagoras C, Skendros P, Dardabounis D, Mikropoulou AM, Labiris G. Α Case of Severe Thyroid Eye Disease Treated with Tocilizumab. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2021;64(1):64-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2021.12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez-Moreiras JV, Varela-Agra M, Prada-Sánchez MC, Prada-Ramallal G. Steroid-Resistant Graves’ Orbitopathy Treated with Tocilizumab in Real-World Clinical Practice: A 9-Year Single-Center Experience. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):706. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040706</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez-Moreiras JV, Varela-Agra M, Prada-Sánchez MC, Prada-Ramallal G. Steroid-Resistant Graves’ Orbitopathy Treated with Tocilizumab in Real-World Clinical Practice: A 9-Year Single-Center Experience. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):706. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040706</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pascual-Camps I, Molina-Pallete R, Bort-Martí MA, Todolí J, España-Gregori E. Tocilizumab as first treatment option in optic neuropathy secondary to Graves’ orbitopathy. Orbit. 2018;37(6):450-453. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2018.1435694</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pascual-Camps I, Molina-Pallete R, Bort-Martí MA, Todolí J, España-Gregori E. Tocilizumab as first treatment option in optic neuropathy secondary to Graves’ orbitopathy. Orbit. 2018;37(6):450-453. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2018.1435694</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maldiney T, Deschasse C, Bielefeld P. Tocilizumab for the Management of Corticosteroid-Resistant Mild to Severe Graves’ Ophthalmopathy, a Report of Three Cases. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28(2):281-284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2018.1545914</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maldiney T, Deschasse C, Bielefeld P. Tocilizumab for the Management of Corticosteroid-Resistant Mild to Severe Graves’ Ophthalmopathy, a Report of Three Cases. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28(2):281-284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2018.1545914</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habroosh FA, Albrashdi SS, Alsaadi AH, Eatamadi H. Tocilizumab use for optic nerve compression in thyroid eye disease: a prospective longitudinal cohort. Int Ophthalmol. 2024;44(1):222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-03143-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habroosh FA, Albrashdi SS, Alsaadi AH, Eatamadi H. Tocilizumab use for optic nerve compression in thyroid eye disease: a prospective longitudinal cohort. Int Ophthalmol. 2024;44(1):222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-03143-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duarte AF, Xavier NF, Sales Sanz M, Cruz AAV. Efficiency and Safety of Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024;40(4):367-373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duarte AF, Xavier NF, Sales Sanz M, Cruz AAV. Efficiency and Safety of Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024;40(4):367-373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000002573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
