<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl201561454-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-7583</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технологии непрерывного мониторирования гликемии: успехи и перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Continuous glucose monitoring technologies: state of the art and future perspectives in view of artificial pancreas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>Yury Vladimirovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, Институт диабета ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher assistance</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yu.v.tarasov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-6592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппов</surname><given-names>Юрий Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Philippov</surname><given-names>Yury Ivanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник Отделения программного обучения и лечения Института диабета ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Researcher assistance, Diabetes institute</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuriyivanovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Andreevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант, Институт диабета ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России, студентка лечебного факультета ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaborisov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Elena Anatolievna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник Отделения программного обучения и лечения Института диабета ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Researcher assistance, Diabetes institute</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyonafedorova1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorov</surname><given-names>Alexander Yurievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением программного обучения и лечения Института диабета ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Programm education and therapy department, Diabetes institute</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">education@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>Marina Vladimirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, Директор института диабета ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России; заведующая кафедрой диабетологии и эндокринологии педиатрического факультета ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Diractor of the Diabetes institute in Endocrinology Research Centre, Head of the Diabetology and Endocrinology chair of the Pediatric department in Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, academician of Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Эндокринологический научный центр" Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Эндокринологический научный центр" Минздрава России;&#13;
ГБОУ ВПО "Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow;&#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>ТОМ 61, №4 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тарасов Ю.В., Филиппов Ю.И., Борисова Е.А., Федорова Е.А., Майоров А.Ю., Шестакова М.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тарасов Ю.В., Филиппов Ю.И., Борисова Е.А., Федорова Е.А., Майоров А.Ю., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarasov Y.V., Philippov Y.I., Borisova E.A., Fedorova E.A., Mayorov A.Y., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7583">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7583</self-uri><abstract><p>Непрерывное мониторирование гликемии (НМГ) - относительно новая и активно развивающаяся технология оптимизации гликемического контроля у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Доказана эффективность применения НМГ для улучшения показателей гликемии во многих клинических ситуациях (бессимптомные гипогликемии, высокая вариабельность гликемии и др.). В перспективе НМГ рассматривают как обязательный компонент «искусственной поджелудочной железы» - инсулиновой помпы с замкнутым контуром управления инфузией инсулина в зависимости от концентрации глюкозы в крови. Однако из-за существенных ограничений и недостаточной высокой точности использование показателей НМГ в качестве источника данных в замкнутом контуре управления инсулиновой помпой невозможно. Дальнейшее развитие технологий НМГ, очевидно, будет направлено на решение трех основных задач: увеличения срока службы сенсоров для детекции глюкозы, повышения точности результатов измерений и удобства использования для пациентов. В статье рассмотрены основные технологические решения современных приборов для НМГ и перспективные направления дальнейших разработок в данной области, их потенциальные преимущества и недостатки, в том числе в свете возможности их дальнейшей интеграции в «искусственную поджелудочную железу».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) - a relatively new and rapidly developing technology of optimization glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The efficiency of the use of CGM for improving glycemic level in many clinical situations (asymptomatic hypoglycemia, high blood glucose variability, etc.). In the long term, CGM treated as a mandatory component of the «artificial pancreas» - an insulin pump with a closed-loop control infusion of insulin depending on the concentration of glucose in the blood. However, the modern technology such as CGM could not be used, as a data source to control closed-loop insulin pump (artificial pancreas), because of the significant limitations and lack of precision. In further development of technologies CGM, obviously, will address three main objectives: increased service life of sensors for the detection of glucose, improving the accuracy of measurement results and ease of use for patients. This article describes the main technological solutions of modern devices for CGM and promising directions for further developments in this field, their potential advantages and disadvantages, including in the light of the prospects for further integrating them into an «artificial pancreas».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>непрерывное мониторирование гликемии</kwd><kwd>глюкоза</kwd><kwd>сенсор</kwd><kwd>искусственная поджелудочная железа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>continuous glucose monitoring</kwd><kwd>glucose detection</kwd><kwd>sensor</kwd><kwd>artificial pancreas</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд (проект № 14-25-00181).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986. doi: 10.1056/nejm199309303291401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986. doi: 10.1056/nejm199309303291401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2015. Chapter 6: Glycemic Targets. Diabetes Care. 2014;38(Supplement_1):S33-S40. doi: 10.2337/dc15-S009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2015. Chapter 6: Glycemic Targets. Diabetes Care. 2014;38(Supplement_1):S33-S40. doi: 10.2337/dc15-S009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Galstyan GR, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V. (7th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(1S):1. doi: 10.14341/dm20151s1-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Galstyan GR, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V. (7th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(1S):1. doi: 10.14341/dm20151s1-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reach G, Wilson GS. Can continuous glucose monitoring be used for the treatment of diabetes. Anal Chem. 1992;64(6):381a-386a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reach G, Wilson GS. Can continuous glucose monitoring be used for the treatment of diabetes. Anal Chem. 1992;64(6):381a-386a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Philippov YI. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose in the practice of endocrinologist. Obesity and Metabolism. 2012(4):15-22. doi: 10.14341/2071-8713-5124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Philippov YI. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose in the practice of endocrinologist. Obesity and Metabolism. 2012(4):15-22. doi: 10.14341/2071-8713-5124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman JD, Turner AP. Home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005;20(12):2435-2453. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.11.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newman JD, Turner AP. Home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005;20(12):2435-2453. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.11.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaddiraju S, Tomazos I, Burgess DJ, et al. Emerging synergy between nanotechnology and implantable biosensors: a review. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010;25(7):1553-1565. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaddiraju S, Tomazos I, Burgess DJ, et al. Emerging synergy between nanotechnology and implantable biosensors: a review. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010;25(7):1553-1565. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renard E. Implantable continuous glucose sensors. Current diabetes reviews. 2008;4(3):169-174. doi: 10.2174/157339908785294406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renard E. Implantable continuous glucose sensors. Current diabetes reviews. 2008;4(3):169-174. doi: 10.2174/157339908785294406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garg S, Zisser H, Schwartz S, et al. Improvement in glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(1):44-50. doi: 10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garg S, Zisser H, Schwartz S, et al. Improvement in glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(1):44-50. doi: 10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao KC, Hogen-Esch T, Richmond FJ, et al. Percutaneous fiber-optic sensor for chronic glucose monitoring in vivo. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2008;23(10):1458-1465. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao KC, Hogen-Esch T, Richmond FJ, et al. Percutaneous fiber-optic sensor for chronic glucose monitoring in vivo. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2008;23(10):1458-1465. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhee SY, Chon S, Koh G, et al. Clinical experience of an iontophoresis based glucose measuring system. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2007;22(1):70-73. Pmc2693572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rhee SY, Chon S, Koh G, et al. Clinical experience of an iontophoresis based glucose measuring system. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2007;22(1):70-73. Pmc2693572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park EJ, Werner J, Beebe J, et al. Noninvasive ultrasonic glucose sensing with large pigs (approximately 200 pounds) using a lightweight cymbal transducer array and biosensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(3):517-523. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park EJ, Werner J, Beebe J, et al. Noninvasive ultrasonic glucose sensing with large pigs (approximately 200 pounds) using a lightweight cymbal transducer array and biosensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(3):517-523. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliver NS, Toumazou C, Cass AE, Johnston DG. Glucose sensors: a review of current and emerging technology. Diabet. Med. 2009;26(3):197-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02642.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliver NS, Toumazou C, Cass AE, Johnston DG. Glucose sensors: a review of current and emerging technology. Diabet. Med. 2009;26(3):197-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02642.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robert JJ. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose. Horm Res. 2002;57 Suppl 1:81-84. doi: 53321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robert JJ. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose. Horm Res. 2002;57 Suppl 1:81-84. doi: 53321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caduff A, Talary MS, Mueller M, et al. Non-invasive glucose monitoring in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a Multisensor system combining sensors for dielectric and optical characterisation of skin. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009;24(9):2778-2784. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caduff A, Talary MS, Mueller M, et al. Non-invasive glucose monitoring in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a Multisensor system combining sensors for dielectric and optical characterisation of skin. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009;24(9):2778-2784. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joshi PP, Merchant SA, Wang Y, Schmidtke DW. Amperometric biosensors based on redox polymer-carbon nanotube-enzyme composites. Anal. Chem. 2005;77(10):3183-3188. doi: 10.1021/ac0484169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joshi PP, Merchant SA, Wang Y, Schmidtke DW. Amperometric biosensors based on redox polymer-carbon nanotube-enzyme composites. Anal. Chem. 2005;77(10):3183-3188. doi: 10.1021/ac0484169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaddiraju S, Burgess DJ, Tomazos I, et al. Technologies for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Current Problems and Future Promises. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(6):1540-1562. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaddiraju S, Burgess DJ, Tomazos I, et al. Technologies for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Current Problems and Future Promises. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(6):1540-1562. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamazaki T, Kojima K, Sode K. Extended-range glucose sensor employing engineered glucose dehydrogenases. Anal. Chem. 2000;72(19):4689-4693.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamazaki T, Kojima K, Sode K. Extended-range glucose sensor employing engineered glucose dehydrogenases. Anal. Chem. 2000;72(19):4689-4693.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan JH, Wang K, Xia XH. Highly Ordered Platinum-Nanotubule Arrays for Amperometric Glucose Sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005;15(5):803-809. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200400321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan JH, Wang K, Xia XH. Highly Ordered Platinum-Nanotubule Arrays for Amperometric Glucose Sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005;15(5):803-809. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200400321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J, Thomas DF, Chen A. Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on nanoporous PtPb networks. Anal. Chem. 2008;80(4):997-1004. doi: 10.1021/ac701790z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J, Thomas DF, Chen A. Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on nanoporous PtPb networks. Anal. Chem. 2008;80(4):997-1004. doi: 10.1021/ac701790z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tura A, Maran A, Pacini G. Non-invasive glucose monitoring: assessment of technologies and devices according to quantitative criteria. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2007;77(1):16-40. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tura A, Maran A, Pacini G. Non-invasive glucose monitoring: assessment of technologies and devices according to quantitative criteria. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2007;77(1):16-40. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pickup JC, Hussain F, Evans ND, et al. Fluorescence-based glucose sensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005;20(12):2555-2565. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pickup JC, Hussain F, Evans ND, et al. Fluorescence-based glucose sensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005;20(12):2555-2565. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moschou EA, Sharma BV, Deo SK, Daunert S. Fluorescence glucose detection: advances toward the ideal in vivo biosensor. J Fluoresc. 2004;14(5):535-547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moschou EA, Sharma BV, Deo SK, Daunert S. Fluorescence glucose detection: advances toward the ideal in vivo biosensor. J Fluoresc. 2004;14(5):535-547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barone PW, Parker RS, Strano MS. In vivo fluorescence detection of glucose using a single-walled carbon nanotube optical sensor: design, fluorophore properties, advantages, and disadvantages. Anal. Chem. 2005;77(23):7556-7562. doi: 10.1021/ac0511997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barone PW, Parker RS, Strano MS. In vivo fluorescence detection of glucose using a single-walled carbon nanotube optical sensor: design, fluorophore properties, advantages, and disadvantages. Anal. Chem. 2005;77(23):7556-7562. doi: 10.1021/ac0511997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barone PW, Strano MS. Reversible control of carbon nanotube aggregation for a glucose affinity sensor. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2006;45(48):8138-8141. doi: 10.1002/anie.200603138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barone PW, Strano MS. Reversible control of carbon nanotube aggregation for a glucose affinity sensor. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2006;45(48):8138-8141. doi: 10.1002/anie.200603138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Domschke A, March WF, Kabilan S, Lowe C. Initial clinical testing of a holographic non-invasive contact lens glucose sensor. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2006;8(1):89-93. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domschke A, March WF, Kabilan S, Lowe C. Initial clinical testing of a holographic non-invasive contact lens glucose sensor. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2006;8(1):89-93. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabbay RA, Sivarajah S. Optical coherence tomography-based continuous noninvasive glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008;10(3):188-193. doi: 10.1089/dia.2007.0277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabbay RA, Sivarajah S. Optical coherence tomography-based continuous noninvasive glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008;10(3):188-193. doi: 10.1089/dia.2007.0277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rawer R, Stork W, Muller-Glaser KD. Polarimetric methods for measurement of intra ocular glucose concentration. Biomed. Tech. (Berl.). 2002;47 Suppl 1 Pt 1:186-188. doi: 10.1515/bmte.2002.47.s1a.186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rawer R, Stork W, Muller-Glaser KD. Polarimetric methods for measurement of intra ocular glucose concentration. Biomed. Tech. (Berl.). 2002;47 Suppl 1 Pt 1:186-188. doi: 10.1515/bmte.2002.47.s1a.186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harman-Boehm I, Gal A, Raykhman AM, et al. Noninvasive glucose monitoring: increasing accuracy by combination of multi-technology and multi-sensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(3):583-595. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harman-Boehm I, Gal A, Raykhman AM, et al. Noninvasive glucose monitoring: increasing accuracy by combination of multi-technology and multi-sensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(3):583-595. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sieg A, Guy RH, Delgado-Charro MB. Noninvasive and minimally invasive methods for transdermal glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2005;7(1):174-197. doi: 10.1089/dia.2005.7.174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sieg A, Guy RH, Delgado-Charro MB. Noninvasive and minimally invasive methods for transdermal glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2005;7(1):174-197. doi: 10.1089/dia.2005.7.174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss R, Yegorchikov Y, Shusterman A, Raz I. Noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring using photoacoustic technology-results from the first 62 subjects. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2007;9(1):68-74. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.0059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss R, Yegorchikov Y, Shusterman A, Raz I. Noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring using photoacoustic technology-results from the first 62 subjects. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2007;9(1):68-74. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.0059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyandres O, Yuen JM, Shah NC, et al. Progress toward an in vivo surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy glucose sensor. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2008;10(4):257-265. doi: 10.1089/dia.2007.0288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyandres O, Yuen JM, Shah NC, et al. Progress toward an in vivo surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy glucose sensor. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2008;10(4):257-265. doi: 10.1089/dia.2007.0288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexeev VL, Das S, Finegold DN, Asher SA. Photonic crystal glucose-sensing material for noninvasive monitoring of glucose in tear fluid. Clin. Chem. 2004;50(12):2353-2360. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.039701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexeev VL, Das S, Finegold DN, Asher SA. Photonic crystal glucose-sensing material for noninvasive monitoring of glucose in tear fluid. Clin. Chem. 2004;50(12):2353-2360. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.039701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huber D, Talary M, Dewarrat F, Caduff A. The compensation of perturbing temperature fluctuation in glucose monitoring technologies based on impedance spectroscopy. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2007;45(9):863-876. doi: 10.1007/s11517-007-0229-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huber D, Talary M, Dewarrat F, Caduff A. The compensation of perturbing temperature fluctuation in glucose monitoring technologies based on impedance spectroscopy. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2007;45(9):863-876. doi: 10.1007/s11517-007-0229-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gourzi M, Rouane A, Guelaz R, et al. Study of a new electromagnetic sensor for glycaemia measurement: in vitro results on blood pig. J. Med. Eng. Technol. 2003;27(6):276-281. doi: 10.1080/0309190031000098845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gourzi M, Rouane A, Guelaz R, et al. Study of a new electromagnetic sensor for glycaemia measurement: in vitro results on blood pig. J. Med. Eng. Technol. 2003;27(6):276-281. doi: 10.1080/0309190031000098845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ISO 15197:2013. In vitro diagnostic test systems -- Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. 2013:46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISO 15197:2013. In vitro diagnostic test systems -- Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus. 2013:46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke WL, Kovatchev B. Continuous Glucose Sensors: Continuing Questions about Clinical Accuracy. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(5):669-675. doi: 10.1177/193229680700100510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke WL, Kovatchev B. Continuous Glucose Sensors: Continuing Questions about Clinical Accuracy. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(5):669-675. doi: 10.1177/193229680700100510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D'Archangelo MJ. New guideline supports the development and evaluation of continuous interstitial glucose monitoring devices. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(2):332-334. Pmc2771489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D'Archangelo MJ. New guideline supports the development and evaluation of continuous interstitial glucose monitoring devices. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(2):332-334. Pmc2771489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovatchev BP, Gonder-Frederick LA, Cox DJ, Clarke WL. Evaluating the accuracy of continuous glucose-monitoring sensors: continuous glucose-error grid analysis illustrated by TheraSense Freestyle Navigator data. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):1922-1928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovatchev BP, Gonder-Frederick LA, Cox DJ, Clarke WL. Evaluating the accuracy of continuous glucose-monitoring sensors: continuous glucose-error grid analysis illustrated by TheraSense Freestyle Navigator data. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):1922-1928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke WL, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick LA, et al. Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 1987;10(5):622-628. doi: 10.2337/diacare.10.5.622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke WL, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick LA, et al. Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 1987;10(5):622-628. doi: 10.2337/diacare.10.5.622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parkes JL, Slatin SL, Pardo S, Ginsberg BH. A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(8):1143-1148. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.8.1143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parkes JL, Slatin SL, Pardo S, Ginsberg BH. A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(8):1143-1148. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.8.1143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onuki Y, Bhardwaj U, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. A review of the biocompatibility of implantable devices: current challenges to overcome foreign body response. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(6):1003-1015. doi: 10.1177/193229680800200610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onuki Y, Bhardwaj U, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. A review of the biocompatibility of implantable devices: current challenges to overcome foreign body response. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(6):1003-1015. doi: 10.1177/193229680800200610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lodwig V, Heinemann L. Continuous glucose monitoring with glucose sensors: calibration and assessment criteria. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2003;5(4):572-586. doi: 10.1089/152091503322250596.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lodwig V, Heinemann L. Continuous glucose monitoring with glucose sensors: calibration and assessment criteria. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2003;5(4):572-586. doi: 10.1089/152091503322250596.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cembrowski GC, Smith B, O'Malley EM. Increases in whole blood glucose measurements using optically based self-monitoring of blood glucose analyzers due to extreme Canadian winters. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):661-667. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cembrowski GC, Smith B, O'Malley EM. Increases in whole blood glucose measurements using optically based self-monitoring of blood glucose analyzers due to extreme Canadian winters. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):661-667. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wentholt IM, Hart AA, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. Relationship between interstitial and blood glucose in type 1 diabetes patients: delay and the push-pull phenomenon revisited. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2007;9(2):169-175. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.0007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wentholt IM, Hart AA, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. Relationship between interstitial and blood glucose in type 1 diabetes patients: delay and the push-pull phenomenon revisited. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2007;9(2):169-175. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.0007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tipnis R, Vaddiraju S, Jain F, et al. Layer-by-layer assembled semipermeable membrane for amperometric glucose sensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(2):193-200. doi: 10.1177/193229680700100209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tipnis R, Vaddiraju S, Jain F, et al. Layer-by-layer assembled semipermeable membrane for amperometric glucose sensors. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(2):193-200. doi: 10.1177/193229680700100209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Brien KB, Killoran SJ, O'Neill RD, Lowry JP. Development and characterization in vitro of a catalase-based biosensor for hydrogen peroxide monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2007;22(12):2994-3000. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Brien KB, Killoran SJ, O'Neill RD, Lowry JP. Development and characterization in vitro of a catalase-based biosensor for hydrogen peroxide monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2007;22(12):2994-3000. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim SN, Rusling JF, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules. Adv. Mater. 2007;19(20):3214-3228. doi: 10.1002/adma.200700665.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim SN, Rusling JF, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules. Adv. Mater. 2007;19(20):3214-3228. doi: 10.1002/adma.200700665.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palys B, Bokun A, Rogalski J. Poly-o-phenylenediamine as redox mediator for laccase. Electrochimica Acta. 2007;52(24):7075-7082. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palys B, Bokun A, Rogalski J. Poly-o-phenylenediamine as redox mediator for laccase. Electrochimica Acta. 2007;52(24):7075-7082. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kay CW, Mennenga B, Gorisch H, Bittl R. Structure of the pyrroloquinoline quinone radical in quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 2006;281(3):1470-1476. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M511132200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kay CW, Mennenga B, Gorisch H, Bittl R. Structure of the pyrroloquinoline quinone radical in quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 2006;281(3):1470-1476. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M511132200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McNichols RJ, Cote GL. Optical glucose sensing in biological fluids: an overview. J Biomed Opt. 2000;5(1):5-16. doi: 10.1117/1.429962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McNichols RJ, Cote GL. Optical glucose sensing in biological fluids: an overview. J Biomed Opt. 2000;5(1):5-16. doi: 10.1117/1.429962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barone PW, Strano MS. Single walled carbon nanotubes as reporters for the optical detection of glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(2):242-252. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barone PW, Strano MS. Single walled carbon nanotubes as reporters for the optical detection of glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(2):242-252. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Updike SJ, Shults MC, Rhodes RK, et al. Enzymatic glucose sensors. Improved long-term performance in vitro and in vivo. ASAIO J. 1994;40(2):157-163. doi: 10.1097/00002480-199404000-00007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Updike SJ, Shults MC, Rhodes RK, et al. Enzymatic glucose sensors. Improved long-term performance in vitro and in vivo. ASAIO J. 1994;40(2):157-163. doi: 10.1097/00002480-199404000-00007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J. Glucose Biosensors: 40 Years of Advances and Challenges. Electroanalysis. 2001;13(12):983-988. doi: 10.1002/1521-4109(200108)13:12&lt;983::AID-ELAN983&gt;3.0.CO;2-#.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J. Glucose Biosensors: 40 Years of Advances and Challenges. Electroanalysis. 2001;13(12):983-988. doi: 10.1002/1521-4109(200108)13:12&lt;983::AID-ELAN983&gt;3.0.CO;2-#.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galeska I, Chattopadhyay D, Moussy F, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Calcification-resistant Nafion/Fe3+ assemblies for implantable biosensors. Biomacromolecules. 2000;1(2):202-207. doi: 10.1021/bm0002813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galeska I, Chattopadhyay D, Moussy F, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Calcification-resistant Nafion/Fe3+ assemblies for implantable biosensors. Biomacromolecules. 2000;1(2):202-207. doi: 10.1021/bm0002813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Praveen SS, Hanumantha R, Belovich JM, Davis BL. Novel hyaluronic acid coating for potential use in glucose sensor design. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2003;5(3):393-399. doi: 10.1089/152091503765691893.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Praveen SS, Hanumantha R, Belovich JM, Davis BL. Novel hyaluronic acid coating for potential use in glucose sensor design. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2003;5(3):393-399. doi: 10.1089/152091503765691893.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhardwaj U, Sura R, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Controlling acute inflammation with fast releasing dexamethasone-PLGA microsphere/pva hydrogel composites for implantable devices. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(1):8-17. doi: 10.1177/193229680700100103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhardwaj U, Sura R, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Controlling acute inflammation with fast releasing dexamethasone-PLGA microsphere/pva hydrogel composites for implantable devices. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007;1(1):8-17. doi: 10.1177/193229680700100103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil SD, Papadmitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Concurrent delivery of dexamethasone and VEGF for localized inflammation control and angiogenesis. J. Control. Release. 2007;117(1):68-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil SD, Papadmitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Concurrent delivery of dexamethasone and VEGF for localized inflammation control and angiogenesis. J. Control. Release. 2007;117(1):68-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nichols SP, Koh A, Storm WL, et al. Biocompatible materials for continuous glucose monitoring devices. Chem. Rev. 2013;113(4):2528-2549. doi: 10.1021/cr300387j.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nichols SP, Koh A, Storm WL, et al. Biocompatible materials for continuous glucose monitoring devices. Chem. Rev. 2013;113(4):2528-2549. doi: 10.1021/cr300387j.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popat KC, Eltgroth M, Latempa TJ, et al. Decreased Staphylococcus epidermis adhesion and increased osteoblast functionality on antibiotic-loaded titania nanotubes. Biomaterials. 2007;28(32):4880-4888. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popat KC, Eltgroth M, Latempa TJ, et al. Decreased Staphylococcus epidermis adhesion and increased osteoblast functionality on antibiotic-loaded titania nanotubes. Biomaterials. 2007;28(32):4880-4888. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayan RJ, Aggarwal R, Wei W, et al. Mechanical and biological properties of nanoporous carbon membranes. Biomed Mater. 2008;3(3):034107. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayan RJ, Aggarwal R, Wei W, et al. Mechanical and biological properties of nanoporous carbon membranes. Biomed Mater. 2008;3(3):034107. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost MC, Meyerhoff ME. Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of nitric oxide-releasing electrochemical oxygen-sensing catheters. Methods Enzymol. 2004;381:704-715. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)81045-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frost MC, Meyerhoff ME. Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of nitric oxide-releasing electrochemical oxygen-sensing catheters. Methods Enzymol. 2004;381:704-715. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)81045-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phadtare S, Vinod VP, Wadgaonkar PP, et al. Free-standing nanogold membranes as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Langmuir. 2004;20(9):3717-3723. doi: 10.1021/la035870j.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phadtare S, Vinod VP, Wadgaonkar PP, et al. Free-standing nanogold membranes as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Langmuir. 2004;20(9):3717-3723. doi: 10.1021/la035870j.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerritsen M, Jansen JA, Lutterman JA. Performance of subcutaneously implanted glucose sensors for continuous monitoring. Neth J Med. 1999;54(4):167-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerritsen M, Jansen JA, Lutterman JA. Performance of subcutaneously implanted glucose sensors for continuous monitoring. Neth J Med. 1999;54(4):167-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu B, Moussy Y, Moussy F. Coil-type implantable glucose biosensor with excess enzyme loading. Front. Biosci. 2005;10:512-520. doi: 10.2741/1547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu B, Moussy Y, Moussy F. Coil-type implantable glucose biosensor with excess enzyme loading. Front. Biosci. 2005;10:512-520. doi: 10.2741/1547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen T, Barton SC, Binyamin G, et al. A miniature biofuel cell. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001;123(35):8630-8631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen T, Barton SC, Binyamin G, et al. A miniature biofuel cell. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001;123(35):8630-8631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mano N, Mao F, Heller A. Characteristics of a miniature compartment-less glucose-O2 biofuel cell and its operation in a living plant. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003;125(21):6588-6594. doi: 10.1021/ja0346328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mano N, Mao F, Heller A. Characteristics of a miniature compartment-less glucose-O2 biofuel cell and its operation in a living plant. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003;125(21):6588-6594. doi: 10.1021/ja0346328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kvist PH, Iburg T, Aalbaek B, et al. Biocompatibility of an enzyme-based, electrochemical glucose sensor for short-term implantation in the subcutis. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2006;8(5):546-559. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvist PH, Iburg T, Aalbaek B, et al. Biocompatibility of an enzyme-based, electrochemical glucose sensor for short-term implantation in the subcutis. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2006;8(5):546-559. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon CP, O'Neill RD. Polymer-enzyme composite biosensor with high glutamate sensitivity and low oxygen dependence. Anal. Chem. 2005;77(4):1196-1199. doi: 10.1021/ac048686r.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon CP, O'Neill RD. Polymer-enzyme composite biosensor with high glutamate sensitivity and low oxygen dependence. Anal. Chem. 2005;77(4):1196-1199. doi: 10.1021/ac048686r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Errachid A, Ivorra A, Aguiló J, et al. New technology for multi-sensor silicon needles for biomedical applications. Sensors Actuators B: Chem. 2001;78(1–3):279-284. doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00826-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Errachid A, Ivorra A, Aguiló J, et al. New technology for multi-sensor silicon needles for biomedical applications. Sensors Actuators B: Chem. 2001;78(1–3):279-284. doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00826-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson KW, Mastrototaro JJ, Howey DC, et al. In vivo evaluation of an electroenzymatic glucose sensor implanted in subcutaneous tissue. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1992;7(10):709-714. doi: 10.1016/0956-5663(92)85053-D.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson KW, Mastrototaro JJ, Howey DC, et al. In vivo evaluation of an electroenzymatic glucose sensor implanted in subcutaneous tissue. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1992;7(10):709-714. doi: 10.1016/0956-5663(92)85053-D.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiner M-S, Duerkop A, Wolfbeis OS. Optical methods for sensing glucose. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011;40(9):4805-4839. doi: 10.1039/C1CS15063D.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiner M-S, Duerkop A, Wolfbeis OS. Optical methods for sensing glucose. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011;40(9):4805-4839. doi: 10.1039/C1CS15063D.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
