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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl8343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-8343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические синдромы сдавленного и хирургически пересеченного стебля гипофиза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical syndromes of compression and surgical transection of the pituitary stalk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-1902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астафьева</surname><given-names>Людмила Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astafyeva</surname><given-names>Ludmila I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">last@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-3381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадашев</surname><given-names>Борис Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadashev</surname><given-names>Boris A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kadashev@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-9473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>Павел Львович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>Pavel L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pkalinin@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-4296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутин</surname><given-names>Максим Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutin</surname><given-names>Maxim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kutin@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7440-4687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Iklochkova@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-1000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомичев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomichev</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dfomichev@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-5662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипов</surname><given-names>Олег Ильдарович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipov</surname><given-names>Oleg I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач, кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osharipov@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-4905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dandreev@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГАУ &amp;laquo;Нaциональный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко&amp;raquo; Минздрава России&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Астафьева Л.И., Кадашев Б.А., Калинин П.Л., Кутин М.А., Клочкова И.С., Фомичев Д.В., Шарипов О.И., Андреев Д.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Астафьева Л.И., Кадашев Б.А., Калинин П.Л., Кутин М.А., Клочкова И.С., Фомичев Д.В., Шарипов О.И., Андреев Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Astafyeva L.I., Kadashev B.A., Kalinin P.L., Kutin M.A., Klochkova I.S., Fomichev D.V., Sharipov O.I., Andreev D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8343">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8343</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Стебель (ножка) гипофиза (CГ) — анатомическое образование, состоящее из системы портальных сосудов и аксонов ядер гипоталамуса, заканчивающихся в задней доли гипофиза. Известно, что хирургическое повреждение или сдавление СГ опухолью или другим объемным процессом может приводить к гипопитуитаризму, несахарному диабету, гиперпролактинемии. Однако в литературе практически нет исследований о степени этих нарушений в зависимости от повреждения или компрессии СГ в клинической практике.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучение до- и послеоперационных эндокринных нарушений у больных с опухолями хиазмально-селлярной области (ХСО) со сдавленным и сохраненным или вынужденно пересеченным во время нейрохирургической операции СГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. У 82 пациентов сдавленный до операции СГ был сохранен (41 больной с гормонально-неактивной аденомой эндосупраселлярной локализации и 41 больной с супраселлярной менингиомой), а у 57 пациентов во время транскраниальной операции СГ был пересечен (46 больных со стебельной краниофарингиомой, 11 — с гормонально-неактивной эндосупраселярной аденомой гипофиза). До и через 6 мес после операции у всех больных определяли уровень пролактина (ПРЛ), ТТГ, ЛГ, ФСГ, св.Т4, кортизола, тестостерона или эстрадиола.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 37,4% пациентов с опухолями ХСО, сдавливающими СГ, выявлена гиперпролактинемия. Устранение сдавления СГ приводило к нормализации уровня ПРЛ у большинства больных и не сопровождалось нарастанием симптомов гипопитуитаризма. При пересечении СГ у 100% пациентов развился пангипопитуитаризм, у 93% — несахарный диабет. При этом у 58,7% больных с краниофарингиомами и 81,9% с гормонально-неактивными аденомами гипофиза не отмечено появления гиперпролактинемии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Учитывая различие в симптоматике, мы выделили два синдрома — синдром сдавления СГ и синдром пересечения СГ. Синдром сдавления СГ опухолью ХСО характеризовался преимущественно гиперпролактинемией (37,4% случаев); устранение сдавления СГ при удалении опухоли приводило к нормализации уровня ПРЛ у большинства больных и не сопровождалось нарастанием симптомов гипопитуитаризма. Синдром хирургического пересечения СГ у пациентов с краниофарингиомой (КФ) и неактивной аденомой гипофиза (НАГ) проявлялся пангипопитуитаризмом у всех больных и постоянной формой несахарного диабета у большинства из них. Причины отсутствия гиперпролактинемии у многих пациентов с пересечением СГ требуют изучения. Нельзя исключить как ишемию аденогипофиза (в результате нарушения его кровоснабжения) с частичной или полной атрофией лактотрофных клеток, так и реваскуляризацию гипофиза с восстановлением транспорта дофамина.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The pituitary stalk (PS) is an anatomical structure consisting of the portal vessel system and axons of the hypothalamic nuclei terminating in the posterior pituitary lobe. Surgical injury or compression (by a tumor or another space-occupying process) of the PS can lead to hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and hyperprolactinemia. However, the literature lacks studies on the extent of these disorders depending on PS injury or compression in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study aim was to investigate pre- and postoperative endocrine disorders in patients with chiasmo-sellar region (CSR) tumors and the PS compressed and preserved or involuntarily transected during neurosurgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The PS compressed before surgery was preserved in 82 patients (41 patients with non-functioning endosuprasellar adenoma and 41 — with suprasellar meningioma). The PS was transected during transcranial surgery in 57 patients (46 patients with pituitary stalk craniopharyngioma and 11 patients with non-functioning endosupresellar pituitary adenoma). All patients underwent blood tests for prolactin (PRL), TSH, LH, FSH, free T4, cortisol, testosterone, or estradiol levels before and 6 months after surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hyperprolactinemia was detected in 37.4% of patients with CSR tumors compressing the PS. Elimination of PS compression led to normalization of the PRL level in most patients and was not accompanied by worsening of hypopituitarism symptoms. Transection of the PS resulted in panhypopituitarism in 100% of patients and diabetes insipidus in 93% of cases. There was no evidence of hyperprolactinemia in 58.7% of patients with craniopharyngiomas and 81.9% of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Given the difference in symptoms, we distinguished two syndromes: PS compression syndrome and PS transection syndrome. Syndrome of PS compression by a CSR tumor was characterized mainly by hyperprolactinemia (37.4% of cases); elimination of PS compression due to tumor resection led to normalization of the PRL level in most patients and was not accompanied by worsening of hypopituitarism symptoms. Syndrome of surgical PS transection in patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) manifested as panhypopituitarism in all patients and as permanent diabetes insipidus in most of them. The causes for the absence of hyperprolactinemia in many patients with the transected PS require further research. We can not exclude both adenohypophysis ischemia (due to its impaired blood supply) with partial or complete atrophy of lactotrophic cells and pituitary revascularization with restoration of dopamine transport.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролактин</kwd><kwd>стебель (ножка) гипофиза</kwd><kwd>компрессия стебля гипофиза</kwd><kwd>хирургическое пересечение стебля гипофиза</kwd><kwd>несахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «НМИЦН им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">N.N. 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