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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">problendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы Эндокринологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Endocrinology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0375-9660</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2308-1430</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/probl2017635325-328</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">problendo-8713</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Медиастинальная тератома с эмбриональной тканью поджелудочной железы, незидиобластозом и очаговой гиперплазией нейроэндокринных клеток. Наблюдение из практики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mediastinal teratoma with mature fetal pancreatic tissue, nesidioblastosis and focal hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells. A case report</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7721-634X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>Павел Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>Pavel O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом радионуклидной диагностики и терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavelrum@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-9996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абросимов</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abrosimov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом фундаментальной патоморфологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitarusskikh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-6100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тертычный</surname><given-names>Александр Семенович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tertychnyi</surname><given-names>Aleksandr S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением иммуногистохимии и электронной микроскопии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liselivanova89@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-0009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Лилия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>Liliya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальной патоморфологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liselivanova89@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-2438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слащук</surname><given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slashchuk</surname><given-names>Konstantin Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отделения радионуклидной диагностики ОРНДТ ФГБУ ЭНЦ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slashuk911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБУ &amp;laquo;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии&amp;raquo; Минздрава России&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Endocrinology Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГАОУ ВО &amp;laquo;Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>328</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев П.О., Абросимов А.Ю., Тертычный А.С., Селиванова Л.С., Слащук К.Ю., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев П.О., Абросимов А.Ю., Тертычный А.С., Селиванова Л.С., Слащук К.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev P.O., Abrosimov A.Y., Tertychnyi A.S., Selivanova L.S., Slashchuk K.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8713">https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8713</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен клинический случай редкой и трудной, с точки зрения диагностики, тератомы средостения, содержащей элементы зрелой ткани поджелудочной железы с незидиобластозом и очаговой гиперплазией нейроэндокринных клеток у соматически здорового 25-летнего мужчины. Основные сложности в диагностике связаны с бессимптомным клиническим течением загрудинных тератом; как правило, это случайные находки при рентгенологических исследованиях, выполненных по поводу другого заболевания. Для этой патологии характерна выраженная морфологическая гетерогенность опухоли, что при недостаточной квалификации морфолога часто приводит к ложноположительным заключениям о наличии нейроэндокринной карциномы, а это в свою очередь — к неадекватному объему лечебных мероприятий и неверному прогнозу. Поэтому целесообразно отправлять гистологические препараты на верификацию диагноза к специалистам учреждений, имеющих опыт морфологической дифференциальной диагностики. В данном случае ключевым является иммуногистохимическое исследование опухоли на инсулин, цитокератины, маркеры нейроэндокринной дифференцировки, а также определение индекса пролиферации Ki-67 в нескольких зонах. Описанная патология встречается крайне редко, что обусловливает многочисленные диагностические ошибки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present a clinical case of rare and poorly diagnosable mediastinal teratoma containing elements of mature pancreas tissue, nesidioblastosis, and focal hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells in a somatically healthy 25-year-old male. The main diagnostic difficulties are associated with the asymptomatic clinical course of mediastinal teratomas that are usually incidentally discovered during X-ray for other conditions. The pathology is characterized by pronounced morphological heterogeneity of the tumor; if the morphologist is not sufficiently qualified, this often results in a false-positive conclusion of neuroendocrine carcinoma, which, in turn, leads to an inadequate amount of treatment and a wrong prognosis in the patient. Therefore, for verification of the diagnosis, histological specimens should be examined by experts of institutions experienced in morphological differential diagnosis. In this case, an immunohistochemical study of the tumor for insulin, cytokeratins, and markers of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as measurement of the proliferation index Ki-67 in several areas are the key tests. This pathology is extremely rare, which leads to numerous misdiagnoses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тератома средостения</kwd><kwd>незидиобластоз</kwd><kwd>ткань поджелудочной железы</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринные клетки.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mediastinal teratoma</kwd><kwd>nesidioblastosis</kwd><kwd>pancreatic tissue</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Salam S, Al Ashari M. 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