problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl9626problendo-9626Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsО связи сахарного диабета 2-го типа с загрязнением воздуха взвешенными частицамиCorrelation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and air pollution with suspended particleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-2744КолпаковаАлла ФедоровнаKolpakovaAlla F.

д.м.н., профессор

MD, PhD, professor

kolpakova44@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-5493ШариповРуслан НильевичSharipovRuslan N.

руководитель проектов; старший преподаватель

project manager; senior teacher

shrus79@gmai.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-3297ВолковаОксана АнатольевнаVolkovaOxana A.

к.б.н.

PhD

ov@bionet.nsc.ru<p>ФГБУН &laquo;Институт вычислительных технологий СО РАН&raquo;</p>Россия<p>Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p>Russian Federation<p>ООО &laquo;БИОСОФТ.РУ&raquo;; ФГАОУ ВО &laquo;Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет&raquo;</p>Россия<p>BIOSOFT.RU LLC; Novosibirsk State University</p>Russian Federation<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;">ФИЦ &laquo;Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН&raquo;</p>Россия<p>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p>Russian Federation201829122018645329335Copyright &#x00A9; Колпакова А.Ф., Шарипов Р.Н., Волкова О.А., 20182018Колпакова А.Ф., Шарипов Р.Н., Волкова О.А.Kolpakova A.F., Sharipov R.N., Volkova O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9626

В обзоре освещены современные представления о связи загрязнения атмосферного воздуха мелкими взвешенными частицами (PM) с распространенностью сахарного диабета (СД). Обсуждается роль РМ в патогенезе, в частности, СД 2-го типа в зависимости от размера частиц, происхождения, химического состава и концентрации в воздухе. Для этой цели были использованы материалы статей, индексированных в базах PubMed и РИНЦ. РМ дорожно-транспортного происхождения, содержащие металлы с переходной валентностью, признаны самыми опасными. Долговременное воздействие высоких концентраций мелких и ультрамелких РМ ассоциируется с риском заболеваемости СД 2-го типа и смертности от него. Кратковременное воздействие PM вызывает сосудистую инсулинорезистентность и воспаление, запускаемое через оксидативный стресс в легких. Оксидативный стресс, вызванный действием PM, является центральной ступенью воспалительных реакций, приводя к высвобождению провоспалительных цитокинов из клеток и системному воспалению. При воздействии РМ размером ≤2,5 мкм значительно увеличивается экспрессия провоспалительных генов, активируются соответствующие сигнальные пути. На моделях и в экспериментальных исследованиях подтверждена роль РМ в нарушении гомеостаза глюкозы, увеличении воспаления в жировой ткани, печени и центральной нервной системе. Роль загрязнения воздуха РМ в патогенезе СД 2-го типа, особенно на молекулярно-клеточном уровне, остается не совсем ясной. Формализованные описания процессов, опосредующих влияние PM на организм, позволит лучше понять роль загрязнения воздуха PM в патогенезе различных заболеваний, и в частности СД 2-го типа, что должно способствовать совершенствованию способов его лечения и профилактики.

The review presents the modern concept of the relationship between air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). The role of PM in the pathogenesis of DM, in particular, DM2, depending on their size, origin, chemical composition, and concentration in the air is discussed. For this purpose, we used materials from the articles indexed in the PubMed and RSCI databases. Road transport-related PM, containing intermediate valence metals are believed to be the most dangerous ones. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of fine and ultrafine PM is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and mortality. Short-term exposure to PM causes vascular insulin resistance and inflammation triggered by oxidative stress in the lungs. Oxidative stress caused by exposure to PM is the central stage of inflammatory reactions, leading to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from cells and systemic inflammation. Exposure to PM sized 2.5 microns or less results in significant increase in expression of proinflammatory genes and activation of corresponding signaling pathways. Involvement of PM into impairment of glucose homeostasis and increase in inflammation in adipose tissue, liver, and central nervous system has been confirmed in models and experimental studies. The role of air pollution with PM in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is still not fully understood, especially at the molecular and cellular level. The development of formalized descriptions of the processes mediating the effect of PM on the human body will provide better understanding of the role of air pollution with suspended particles in the pathogenesis of various diseases and, in particular, DM2, which can contribute to improvement of treatments and preventive measures.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.