problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl9755problendo-9755Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsПерспективы применения интраназально вводимого инсулина для коррекции когнитивных нарушений, в том числе при сахарном диабетеProspects of intranasal insulin for correction of cognitive impairments, in particular those associated with diabetes mellitushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-7638СурковаЕлена ВикторовнаSurkovaElena V.

д.м.н.

MD, PhD

elenasurkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-9540ДеркачКира ВикторовнаDerkachKira V.

к.б.н.

PhD

derkatch_kira@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-5690БеспаловАлексей ИгоревичBespalovAlexey I.

Аспирант отделения терапии сахарного диабета

MD

finger1ess@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3162ШпаковАлександр ОлеговичShpakovAlexander O.

д.б.н.

PhD

alex_shpakov@list.ru<p>ФГБУ &laquo;НМИЦ эндокринологии&raquo; Минздрава России</p>Россия<p>Endocrinology Research Centre</p>Russian Federation<p class="Text05">ФГБУН &laquo;Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова&raquo; РАН</p>Россия<p>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences</p>Russian Federation<p>ФГБУН &laquo;Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова&raquo; РАН</p>Россия<p>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences</p>Russian Federation2019140520196515765Copyright &#x00A9; Суркова Е.В., Деркач К.В., Беспалов А.И., Шпаков А.О., 20192019Суркова Е.В., Деркач К.В., Беспалов А.И., Шпаков А.О.Surkova E.V., Derkach K.V., Bespalov A.I., Shpakov A.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9755

Несмотря на подробно изученное действие инсулина в периферических тканях, его роль в функционировании центральной нервной системы изучена значительно меньше. Эффекты инсулина в головном мозге крайне разнообразны: инсулин играет важную роль в процессах роста и дифференцировки нейронов, оказывает влияние на высшие когнитивные функции, в частности на формирование долгосрочной памяти, а также обладает нейропротективным действием. Как периферическая, так и центральная инсулинорезистентность, а также абсолютная недостаточность инсулина нарушают функциональную активность нейронов и нейрогенез. В ряде исследований изучалось интраназальное введение инсулина в качестве возможного пути коррекции данных нарушений. В обзоре приводятся данные о нарушениях инсулиновой сигнальной системы в мозге при сахарном диабете, что сопровождается когнитивной дисфункцией различной тяжести и ассоциировано с развитием нейродегенеративных заболеваний, в том числе болезни Альцгеймера. Проанализированы результаты исследований по применению интраназально вводимого инсулина у животных с моделями сахарного диабета, у здоровых добровольцев и пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями.

Despite the well-studied effect of insulin in peripheral tissues, its role in functioning of the central nervous system is much less understood. The effects of insulin in the brain are extremely diverse: insulin plays an important role in neuron growth and differentiation, affects higher cognitive functions (in particular, the formation of long-term memory), and also has a neuroprotective effect. Both peripheral and central insulin resistance as well as absolute insulin deficiency impairs the functional activity of neurons and neurogenesis. Several studies have investigated intranasal administration of insulin as a potential way for correction of these disorders. The review presents data on abnormalities of the insulin signaling system in the brain in diabetes mellitus, which is accompanied by cognitive dysfunction of varying severity and is associated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. We analyzed the results of studies on the use of intranasal insulin in animal models with diabetes mellitus, healthy volunteers, and patients with cognitive impairments.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.