problendoПроблемы ЭндокринологииProblems of Endocrinology0375-96602308-1430Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/probl9960problendo-9960Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsПерспективы применения интраназально вводимого инсулина для коррекции метаболических и гормональных нарушений при сахарном диабете и метаболическом синдромеPerspectives of application of intranasally administered insulin for correction of metabolic and hormonal disorders in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3162ШпаковАлександр ОлеговичShpakovAlexander O.

д.б.н.

PhD

alex_shpakov@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-9540ДеркачКира ВикторовнаDerkachKira V.

к.б.н.

PhD

derkatch_kira@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-7638СурковаЕлена ВикторовнаSurkovaElena V.

д.м.н.

MD, PhD

elenasurkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-5690БеспаловАлексей ИгоревичBespalovAlexey I.

Аспирант отделения терапии диабета

MD

finger1ess@mail.ruФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова» РАНРоссияSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation201923112019655389395Copyright © Шпаков А.О., Деркач К.В., Суркова Е.В., Беспалов А.И., 20192019Шпаков А.О., Деркач К.В., Суркова Е.В., Беспалов А.И.Shpakov A.O., Derkach K.V., Surkova E.V., Bespalov A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.probl-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9960

В последние годы широко изучается возможность применения интраназально вводимого инсулина для лечения болезни Альцгеймера и других когнитивных расстройств. В то же время практически не исследуется возможность его применения в рамках терапии сахарного диабета, что во многом связано с недостаточной изученностью молекулярных механизмов его действия на гормональный и метаболический статусы организма. В обзоре обсуждаются данные литературы и результаты собственных исследований о роли инсулина в центральной регуляции энергетического гомеостаза, а также об опыте применения интраназально вводимого инсулина для коррекции нарушений пищевого поведения и метаболических и гормональных дисфункций, развивающихся в условиях экспериментального сахарного диабета и метаболического синдрома. В исследованиях с участием здоровых добровольцев были показаны различные эффекты интраназально вводимого инсулина, в том числе влияние на когнитивные функции, пищевое поведение и снижение массы тела, а также обнаружена гендерная специфичность его действия. В ходе многочисленных исследований интраназально вводимого инсулина на животных моделях сахарного диабета были показаны не только стабилизация углеводного гомеостаза, но и положительное действие в виде восстановления функциональной активности инсулиновых сигнальных путей в гипоталамусе и других отделах мозга. Нами представлены и проанализированы данные о системных эффектах интраназально вводимого инсулина у грызунов с экспериментальными моделями сахарного диабета, а также у здоровых индивидуумов.

In recent years, the possibility of using intranasally administered insulin to treat Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders has been widely studied. At the same time, the possibility of its use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is practically not investigated, which is due to the insufficient study of the molecular mechanisms of its action on the hormonal and metabolic status of the organism. The review discusses literature data and the results of our own research on the role of insulin in the central regulation of energy homeostasis, as well as on the experience of using intranasally administered insulin to correct eating disorders and metabolic and hormonal dysfunctions developing under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. In studies involving healthy volunteers, various effects of intranasally administered insulin were shown, including effects on cognitive function, eating behavior and weight loss, and the gender specificity of its action was found. In the course of numerous studies of intranasally administered insulin in animal models of diabetes mellitus, not only stabilization of carbohydrate homeostasis was shown, but also a positive effect in the form of restoration of the functional activity of insulin signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain. We have presented and analyzed data on the systemic effects of intranasally administered insulin in rodents with experimental models of diabetes mellitus, as well as in healthy individuals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.