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Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Bryansk Region

https://doi.org/10.14341/probl12793

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Bryansk region is one of the regions of the Russian Federation most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986.In the conditions of a chronic uncompensated deficiency of iodine in the diet in the first months after the accident, an active seizure of radioactive iodine by the thyroid tissue took place, which inevitably resulted in an increase in thyroid diseases from the population in the future. The article presents the results of a control and epidemiological study carried out in May 2021 by specialists of the National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at assessing the current state of iodine provision in the population of the Bryansk region.
AIM: Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Bryansk region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was carried out in secondary schools of three districts of the Bryansk region (Bryansk, Novozybkov and Klintsy).The study included 337 schoolchildren of pre-pubertal age (8–10 years), all children underwent: measurement of height and weight immediately before the doctor’s examination, which included palpation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland); Thyroid ultrasound using a portable device LOGIQe (China) with a multi-frequency linear transducer 10–15 MHz; determination of iodine concentration in single portions of urine. A qualitative study for the presence of potassium iodate in samples of table salt (n = 344) obtained from households and school canteens was carried out on the spot using the express method.
RESULTS: According to the results of a survey of 337 pre-pubertal children, the median urinary iodine concentration (mCIM) is 98.3 μg / L (range from 91.5 to 111.5 μg / L, the proportion of urine samples with a reduced iodine concentration was 50.1%). According to the ultrasound of the thyroid gland, 17% of the examined children had diffuse goiter, the frequency of which varied from 9.4 to 29% in the areas of study. The share of iodized salt consumed in the families of schoolchildren in the study areas was 17.8% (values range from 15.6 to 19%), which indicates an extremely low level of iodized salt consumption by the population. All salt used for cooking in school canteen areas of the study was iodized, which confirms compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.5.2409–08.
CONCLUSION: Despite the active implementation in the Bryansk region of various preventive programs of IDD and social activities to promote the use of iodized salt, in the absence of mass prevention with the help of iodized salt to date, their unsatisfactory results should be noted.

About the Authors

E. A. Troshina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

Ekaterina A. Troshina, MD, PhD, Professor

eLibrary SPIN: 8821-8990

Moscow


Competing Interests:

Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.



N. P. Makolina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

Natalya P. Makolina, MD

eLibrary SPIN: 7210-9512

Moscow


Competing Interests:

Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.



E. S. Senyushkina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

Evgeniya S. Senyushkina, MD

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow

eLibrary SPIN: 4250-5123


Competing Interests:

Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.



L. V. Nikankina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

Larisa V. Nikankina, PhD

eLibrary SPIN: 2794-0008

Moscow


Competing Interests:

Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.



N. M. Malysheva
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

Natalia M. Malysheva, PhD

eLibrary SPIN: 5793-2550

Moscow


Competing Interests:

Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.



A. V. Fetisova
Department of Health of the Bryansk Region
Russian Federation

Alla V. Fetisova, MD

eLibrary SPIN: 3420-7859

Bryansk


Competing Interests:

Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.



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Supplementary files

1. Drawing. 1. Analysis of the frequency distribution of the concentration of iodine in the urine of the examined schoolchildren.
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Type Исследовательские инструменты
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2. Figure 2a. Results of determining the presence of iodine in table salt from households. Figure 2b. Photo of the result of an express test to determine the presence of iodine in table salt (dark blue coloration of salt samples confirms the presence of potassium iodate in them).
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Type Исследовательские инструменты
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3. Figure 3. Employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology" examine children in the Bryansk region.
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Type Исследовательские инструменты
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Review

For citations:


Troshina E.A., Makolina N.P., Senyushkina E.S., Nikankina L.V., Malysheva N.M., Fetisova A.V. Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Bryansk Region. Problems of Endocrinology. 2021;67(4):84-93. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl12793

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ISSN 0375-9660 (Print)
ISSN 2308-1430 (Online)