Hormonal and genetic causes of cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital disorders of the reproductive system, is present in 2–3% of term newborn boys. Genes involved in embryonic testicular migration are known but their role in cryptorchidism development are not investigated enough. Genetical causes of cryptorchidism are identified in 5–7% of patients. The article contains data on the role of insulin-like peptide 3 and its receptor, anti-Müllerian hormone, gonadotropins, androgens in embryonic testicular migration. INSL3 and AMH are presented as markers of testicular dysfunction associated with cryptorchidism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is also associated with cryptorchidism and can be diagnosed based on it. Results of modern investigations determine the necessary of hormonal and genetical examination of patients with isolated cryptorchidism to detect causes of cryptorchidism and manage of patients.

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