Regional features of the main indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in young residents of various climatic and geographical zones of residence

BACKGROUND: In different regions of the Russian Federation, fluctuations in biomedical characteristics are ambiguous and often multidirectional, while one of the ways to understand the significance of these components is to study their effect on the human metabolic state, in particular, on carbohydrate metabolism, in groups with identical lifestyles, but living in different climatogeographic conditions

AIM: Assessment of the main indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in young residents of various climatic and geographical zones of residence (North-East, North-West, Central Russia).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The assessment of the key characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in 243 males living in various regions of the Russian Federation was carried out: 119 boys in the North-East of Russia (Magadan), 72 boys in the North-West of Russia (Murmansk) and 52 boys in the Middle of Russia (Ulyanovsk). The work used immunochemiluminescent, enzymatic method and immunochromatographic analysis.

RESULTS: It was found that with comparable diets, the average values of carbohydrate metabolism in the surveyed residents of different regions corresponded to optimal physiological ranges with the formation of regional features of the metabolic profile. A shift in the level of glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin towards high values at low insulin concentrations was revealed only in the group of young men in the North-East of Russia against the background of elevated serum cortisol values observed only in the groups of northern boys. Natives of Northwestern and central Russia were characterized by activation of the pancreatic insulin apparatus, accompanied by an increase in insulin levels, a high incidence of signs of insulin resistance (up to 40% in the sample), accompanied by pronounced compensatory secretion of pancreatic beta cells. The data obtained indicate that the metabolic patterns observed in Northerners differ from the classical criteria of the "polar metabolic type", which is usually associated with hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia on the background of elevated serum cortisol levels. At the same time, the presence of signs of insulin resistance in a sample of young men from the North-West of Russia may be due to an imbalance towards a greater dominance of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate that the identified changes in carbohydrate metabolism have pronounced «northern» features, but they manifest themselves differently in residents of the northwestern and northeastern regions of Russia. It has been established that living in various climatogeographic regions of the Russian Federation with their unique climatic, geographical and latitudinal conditions leads to the formation of diverse vegetative, endocrine and metabolic profiles.

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