Metformin’s disruption of gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes impairments of the cori and alanine cycles as hidden drivers of metabolic waste accumulation, NF-κBHIF-1α–mediated low-grade inflammation, and multisystem dysfunction

Maher Akl; Amr Ahmed

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Akl M., Ahmed A. Metformin’s disruption of gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes impairments of the cori and alanine cycles as hidden drivers of metabolic waste accumulation, NF-κBHIF-1α–mediated low-grade inflammation, and multisystem dysfunction. Problems of Endocrinology. 2026;72(3):44-52. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl13618

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ISSN 0375-9660 (Print)
ISSN 2308-1430 (Online)

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Problems of Endocrinology

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