Нейроэндокринная регуляция репродуктивной системы: интеграция исследований нейропептидов и экспериментальной патофизиологии аменореи различного генеза (обзор литературы)

Нейроэндокринная регуляция репродуктивной функции представляет собой сложную систему, основанную на интеграции сигналов между центральной нервной системой и периферическими органами. Особое внимание в последние годы уделяется роли нейропептидов (кисспептин, нейротрофический фактор мозга (BDNF) и орексины), в патогенезе заболеваний, сопровождающихся нарушениями менструального цикла. В обзоре подробно рассматриваются молекулярные механизмы нейропептидной регуляции при функциональной гипоталамической аменорее (ФГА), преждевременной недостаточности яичников (ПНЯ) и синдроме поликистозных яичников (СПЯ).

Представлены данные исследований последних лет с использованием экспериментальных моделей, включающие стресс-индуцированные формы стойкого отсутствия эстрального цикла у лабораторных животных, а также имитации патологий СПЯ и ПНЯ, основанные на диетических и фармакологических воздействиях, соответственно. Дополнительно подробно рассмотрены и изучены публикации, демонстрирующие значимую роль нарушений нейропептидной передачи в патогенезе репродуктивных расстройств у женщин.

Интеграция фундаментальных исследований с клинической практикой не только способствует более глубокому пониманию патофизиологии аменореи, но и открывает широкие перспективы для разработки новых терапевтических подходов, таких как использование агонистов кисспептина или других препаратов, направленных на восстановление репродуктивной функции у женщин с различными формами менструальных дисфункций.

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