Clusters of metabolic syndrome components in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Clinical biochemical indicators of risk of atherosclerosis-associated diseases and insulin resistance were studied in patients with DH type 2 and the clinical significance of these indicators was evaluated. A total of 100 patients with type 2 DM of slight and medium severity (70 women and 30 men) aged 40-60years were examined during the compensation stage. The following criteria were used for detecting the metabolic syndrome components: arterial hypertension (AH) was diagnosed at diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg and/or systolic pressure above 140 mm Hg; hyperlipidemia (HL) at total cholesterol (TCS) level > 250 mg/dl and/or triglyceride (TG) level > 200 mg/dl; abdominal obesity (AO) at body weight index (BWI) > 25 kg/m² at waist to hip circumference ratio (WC/HC) > 0.90 for men and > 0.8 for women or at BWI > 30 kg/m². The majority (76%) of examined patients with compensated type 2 DM had a combination of 2- 3 components of the metabolic syndrome: AH, AO, and HL. Complete metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 44%> patients, and only 5% of patients with type 2 DM had no this cardiovascular risk factors. The mean systolic pressure in AH+AO and/or HL combination was significantly higher than in patients with AH alone. Mean levels of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, BWI, WC/HC, TCS, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in type 2 DM patients with AO+AH than in patients without these components of the metabolic syndrome or with only one of these components. Hence, the presence of 2 or 3 components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 DM is associated with high risk of atherosclerotic diseases because of the combination of risk factors and their higher level, which is presumably due to metabolic relationships between these components of the metabolic syndrome.

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