Role of the state register of diabetes mellitus in assessing the epidemiological situation in Kyrgyzstan and Bishkek

BACKGROND: The State Register of Diabetes Patients (SRDP) was first introduced throughout the Kyrgyz Republic in 2015 and has become one of the priority areas in the endocrinological service of the republic. The creation of a national registry was a significant step towards optimizing care for people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, the register in the Kyrgyz Republic does not work online software, so all information about diabetes is assessed statically, representing a one-time snapshot for the end of the calendar year.

AIM: To study epidemiological aspects (prevalence,incidence mortality), as well as the frequency of complications of diabetes mellitus in Kyrgyzstan and the largest populated city in the country - Bishkek.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study is the database of the DM register for the Kyrgyz Republic and the city of Bishkek (data over time from 2016–2023).

RESULTS: The total number of patients with diabetes registered in the dispensary in Kyrgyzstan as of 01/01/2024, according to the SRDP, was 85,142 people, which amounted to 1.2% of the total population of the republic. In Kyrgyzstan, according to the register, among patients with T1DM, the proportion of males was 52.4%, and females — 47.6%, and in the group of patients with T2DM, females predominated (59.9%). The prevalence of diabetes in the Kyrgyz Republic over the analyzed 8-year period (2016–2023) among patients with type 1 diabetes increased from 37/100ths of the population to 49.8/100ths of the population (1.35 times), and with T2DM — from 847.6/100ths population to 1159.0/100ths population (1.37 times). The dynamics of the annual incidence of T1DM in the Kyrgyz Republic averages 3.6 per 100ths population, and T2DM increased from 2016 to 2019, increasing by 27.6%, from 85 to 108.5/100ths population and decreased to 94/100 thousand population in 2023. The most common complications among patients with type 1 diabetes in the republic remain: neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and for type 2 diabetes — neuropathy, hypertension, retinopathy. According to the register, during the analyzed period there was a stabilization and/or decrease in the frequency of most diabetic complications, with the exception of stroke, diabetic foot (DF), and acute micardial infarction (AMI).

CONCLUSION: The SRDP in Kyrgyzstan, over 8 years of operation in static mode, has allowed for clinical and epidemiological monitoring, ensuring observation of patients from the moment of inclusion in the registry and providing data on the prevalence, incidence and complications of diabetes. However, the registry’s operation is hampered by the lack of access to the Internet and computers in a number of regions, as well as the timeliness of data entry. The transfer of the SRDP to an online format is necessary for effective monitoring and control of key disease indicators in real time.

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