Late consequences of long-term glucocorticoid therapy in patients with congenital adrenal cortical dysfunction
https://doi.org/10.14341/probl201056515-22
Abstract
References
1. Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Фадеев В.В. Эндокринология. М: Гэотар-Медиа 2007;178.
2. Merke D.P., G.B. Cutler J.R. New ideas for medical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2001;30:121-135.
3. Merke D.P., Bornstein S.R., Avila N.A., Chrousos G.P. NIH conference. Future directions in the study and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Ann Int Med 2002;136:320-334.
4. Speiser P.W., White P.C. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. N Engl J Med 2003;349:776-788.
5. Kovacs J., Votava F., Heinze G. et al. Lessons from 30 years of clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in five middle European countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;136:7:2958-2964.
6. Pang S.Y., Wallace M.A., Hofman L. Worldwide experience in newborn screening for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Pediatrics 1998;136:4:320-335.
7. Therrell B.L. Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2001;30:15-30.
8. Dewailly D. Nonclassic 21-hydroxilase deficiency. Semin Reprod Med 2002;20:3:243-248.
9. Merke D.P., Bornstein S.R. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lancet 2005;365:2125-2136.
10. Bachelot A., Chakthoura Z., Rouxel A. et al. Classical Forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxilase Deficiency in Adults. Horm Res 2008;69:203-211.
11. Merke D.P. Approach to the Adult with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3:653-660.
12. Bode H.H., Cowley D.M. et al. Home monitoring of 17-OHP levels in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr 1999;134:185-189.
13. Rosler A. The natural history of salt-wasting disorders of adrenal and renal origin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;59:689-700.
14. Cara Megan Ogilvie, Naomi S. Crouch, Gill Rumsby et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in adults: a review of medical, surgical and psychological issues. Clin Endocrinol 2005;64:1:2-11.
15. Christiansen P., Molgaard C., Muller J. Normal bone mineral content in young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Horm Res 2004;61:133-136.
16. Charmandari E., Weise M., Bornstein S.R. et al. Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have elevated serum leptin concentrations and insulin resistance: potential clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2114-2120.
17. Merke D.P., Chrousos G.P., Eisenhofer G. et al. Adrenomedullary dysplasia and hypofunction in patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. New Engl J Med 2000;343:1362-1368.
18. Ehrhart-Bornstein M., Breidert M., Guadanucci P. et al. 17 alpha-Hydroxylase and chromogranin A in 6th week human fetal adrenals. Hormone Metabol Res 1997;29:30-32.
19. Wajchenberg, B.L. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocrine Rev 2000;21:697-738.
20. Considine R.V., Sinha M.K., Heiman M.L. et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin-concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. New Engl J Med 1996;334:292-295.
21. Saygili F., Oge A., Yilmaz C. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity in women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: the relationship between serum leptin levels and chronic hyperinsulinemia. Hormone Res 2005;63:270-274.
22. Paganini C., Radetti G., Livieri C. et al. Height, bone mineral density and bone markers in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hormone Res 2000;54:164-168.
23. Stikkelbroeck N.M., Oyen W.J., van der Wilt G.J. et al. Normal bone mineral density and lean body mass but increased fat mass in young adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1036-1042.
24. Bachelot A., Plu-Bureau G., Thibaud E. et al. Long-term outcome of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hormone Res 2007;67:268-276.
25. Cornean R.E., Hindmarsh P.C., Brook C.G. Obesity in 21-hydroxylase deficient patients. Arch Dis Childhood 1998;78:261-263.
26. Falhammar H., Filipsson H., Holmdahl G. et al. Metabolic profile and body composition in adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:110-116.
27. Hagenfeldt K., Ritzen E.M., Ringertz H. et al. Bone mass and body composition of adult women with congenital virilizing 21-hydroxylase deficiency after glucocorticoid treatment since infancy. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143:667-671.
28. Helleday J., Siwers B., Ritzen E.M., Carlstrom K. Subnormal androgen and elevated progesterone levels in women treated for congenital virilizing 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:933-936.
29. King J.A., Wisniewski A.B., Bankowski B.J. et al. Long term corticosteroid replacement and bone mineral density in adult women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;9:865-869.
30. Völkl T.M., Simm D., Beier C., Dorr H.G. Obesity among children and adolescents with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Pediatrics 2006;117:98-105.
31. Völkl T.M.K., Simm D., Körner A. et al. Does an altered leptin axis play a role in obesity among children and adolescents with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency Eur J Endocrinol 2009;160:239-247.
32. Cameron F.J., Kaymakci B., Byrt E.A. et al. Bone mineral density and body composition in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:2238-2243.
33. Gussinye M., Carrascosa A., Potau N. et al. Bone mineral density in prepubertal and in adolescent and young adult patients with the salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 1997;100:671-674.
34. Rolland-Cachera M.F., Deheeger M., Bellisle F. et al. Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:129-135.
35. Etxabe J., Vazquez J.A. Morbidity and mortality in Cushing's disease: an epidemiological approach. Clin Endocrinol 1994;40:479-484.
36. Bayraktar F., Dereli D., Ozgen A.G., Yilmaz C. Plasma homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrine J 2004;51:601-608.
37. Buffington C.K., Givens J.R., Kitabchi A.E. Opposing actions of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone on insulin sensitivity. In vivo and in vitro studies of hyperandrogenic females. Diabetes 1991;40:693-700.
38. Paula F.J., Gouveia L.M., Paccola G.M. et al. Androgen-related effects on peripheral glucose metabolism in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hormone Metab Res 1994;26:552-556.
39. Speiser P.W., Serrat J., New M.I., Gertner J.M. Insulin insensitivity in adrenal hyperplasia due to nonclassical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:1421-1424.
40. de Silva K.S., Kanumakala S., Brown J.J. et al. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profile in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia - a preliminary report. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2004;17:1089-1095.
41. Hoepffner W., Herman A., Willgerodt H., Keller E. Blood pressure in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006;19:705-711.
42. Nebesio T.D., Eugster E.A. Observation of hypertension in children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A preliminary report. Endocrine 2006;30:279-282.
43. Roche E.F., Charmandari E., Dattani M.T., Hindmarsh P.C. Blood pressure in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency): a preliminary report. Clin Endocrinol 2003;58:589-596.
44. Sartorato P., Zulian E., Benedini S. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and ultrasound evaluation of intima-media thickness at common carotids, carotid bulbs, and femoral and abdominal aorta arteries in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1015-1018.
45. Völkl T.M.K., Simm D., Dötsch J. et al. Altered 24- hour blood pressure profiles in children and adolescents with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4888-4895.
46. Hammer F., Stewart P.M. Cortisol metabolism in hypertension. Best Practice & Research. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;20:337-353.
47. Frey F.J., Odermatt A., Frey B.M. Glucocorticoid-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor activation and hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004;13:451-458.
48. Cheng K.S., Mikhaulidis D.P., Hamilton G., Seifalian A.M. A review of the carotid and femoral intima-media thickness as an indicator of the presence of peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovasc Res 2002;54:528-538.
49. O'Leary D.H., Polak J.F., Kronmal R.A. et al. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. New Engl J Med 1999;340:14-22.
50. Botero D., Arango A., Danon M., Lifshitz F. Lipid profile in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Metabolism 2000;49:790-793.
51. Adinoff A.D., Hollister J.R. Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma. N Engl J Med 1983;309:265-268.
52. Zelissen P.M., Croughs R.J., van Rijk P.P., Raymakers J.A. Effect of glucocorticoid replacement therapy on bone mineral density in patients with Addison disease. Ann Int Med 1994;120:207-210.
53. Eastell R. Management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. J Intern Med 1995;237:439-447.
54. Guo C.Y., Weetman A.P., Eastell R. Bone turnover and bone mineral density in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996;45:535-541.
55. Girgis R., Winter J.S. The effects of glucocorticoid replacement therapy on growth, bone mineral density, and bone turnover markers in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3926-3929.
56. Mora S., Saggion F., Russo G. et al. Bone density in young patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Bone 1996;18:337-340.
57. de Almeida Freire P.O., de Lemos-Marini S.H., Maciel-Guerra A.T. et al. Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: a cross-sectional study of factors involved in bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Metab 2003;21:396-401.
58. Jaaskelainen J., Voutilainen R. Bone mineral density in relation to glucocorticoid substitution therapy in adult patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996;45:707-713.
59. Sciannamblo M., Russo G., Cuccato D. et al. Reduced bone mineral density and increased bone metabolism rate in young adult patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4453-4458.
60. Kirkland J., Kirkland R., Librik L., Clayton G. Serum gonadotropin levels in female adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr 1974;84:3:411-414.
61. Kiesslin G., Schwarz G. Zur genese des hypogonadismus beim kongenitalen adrenogenitalen syndrome. Arch Klin Dermatol 1966;228:684.
62. Klingensmith G., Garcia S., Jones H. et al. Glucocorticoid treatment of girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: effects on height, sexual maturation, and fertility. J Pediatr 1977;90:6:996-1004.
63. Wilkins L., Crigler J., Silverman S. et al. Further studies on the treatment of congenital adrenal Chapter 9: An Update of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 241 hyperplasia with cortisone. II. The effects of cortisone on sexual and somatic development, with an hypothesis concerning the mechanism of feminization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1952;12:277.
64. Krone N., Wachter I., Stefanidou M. et al. Mothers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their children: outcome of pregnancy, birth and childhood. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001;55:523-529.
65. Lo J.C., Grumbach M.M. Pregnancy outcomes in women with congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2001;30:207-229.
66. Mulaikal R.M., Migeon C.J., Rock J.A. Fertility rates in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. N Engl J Med 1987;316:178-182.
67. Premawardhana L.D., Hughes I.A., Read G.F., Scanlon M.F. Long-term outcome in females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): the Cardiff experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;46:327-332.
68. Azziz R., Mulaikal R.M., Migeon C.J. et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: long-term results following vaginal reconstruction. Fertil Steril 1986;46:1011-1014.
69. Holmes-Walker D.J., Conway G.S., Honour J.W. et al. Menstrual disturbance and hypersecretion of progesterone in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995;43:291-296.
70. Hague W.M., Adams J., Rodda C. et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their close relatives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990;33:501-510.
71. Speroff L., Glass R.H., Kase N.G. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, sixth ed. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 1999;493-521.
72. Alizai N.K., Thomas D.F.M., Lilford T.R.J. et al. Feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: What happens at puberty? J Urol 1999;161:1588-1591.
73. Money J., Schwartz M., Lewis V.G. Adult erotosexual status and fetal hormonal masculinization and demasculinization: 46,XX congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia and 46,XY androgen-insensitivity syndrome compared. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1984;9:405-414.
74. Urban M.D., Lee P.A., Migeon C.J. Adult height and fertility in men with congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. New Engl J Med 1978;299:1392-1396.
75. Hayes F.J., Decruz S., Seminara S.B. et al. Differential regulation of gonadotropin secretion by testosterone in the human male: absence of a negative feedback effect of testosterone on follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:53-58.
76. Avila N.A., Shawker T.S., Jones J.V. et al. Testicular adrenal rest tissue in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: serial sonographic and clinical findings. Am J Roentgenol 1999;172:1235-1238.
77. Bonaccorsi A.C., Adler I., Figueiredo J.G. Male infertility due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia: testicular biopsy findings, hormonal evaluation, and therapeutic results in three patients. Fertil Steril 1987;47:664-670.
78. Clark R.V., Albertson B.D., Munabi A. et al. Steroidogenic enzyme activities, morphology, and receptor studies of a testicular adrenal rest in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70:1408-1413.
79. Blumberg-Tick J., Boudou P., Nahoul K., Schaison G. Testicular tumors in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: steroid measurements from adrenal and spermatic veins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1129-1133.
Review
For citations:
Molashenko N.V., Sazonova A.I., Troshina E.A., Kalinchenko N.I. Late consequences of long-term glucocorticoid therapy in patients with congenital adrenal cortical dysfunction. Problems of Endocrinology. 2010;56(5):15-22. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl201056515-22
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Email this article 
.jpg){kind=logo}
