Comparative impact analysis of risk factors on the course and outcomes of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the high probability of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the fetus, as well as a number of long-term consequences in GDM are a serious medical and social problem and require the need for its prevention by correcting risk factors, timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

AIM: Analysis of risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the relationship between GDM, the course and outcomes of pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 79 case histories of patients with confirmed GDM in the period from 2015 to 2017.

RESULTS: In the structure of risk factors for mother and fetus, age over 30 years (73.1%), burdened heredity for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30.8%), mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (overweight / obesity (26.9%)) had the greatest impact. Among the complications of pregnancy, the most common was the caesarean section (47.4%). The incidence of other complications (macrosomia (9%), premature birth (7.7%), congenital malformations of the fetus (5.1%), preeclampsia (5.1%) was lower than the average frequency of these complications in GDM, described in the literature. Nevertheless, it is 1.5–2 times higher than the average population indicators. In the course of statistical analysis of the data it was revealed, that the higher the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI, the lower the Apgar score for the first minute in the newborn.

CONCLUSION: Women with GDM require intensive monitoring of the course of pregnancy and timely hospitalization for planned delivery, and the provision of competent obstetric benefits.

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