Regional features of the main indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in young residents of various climatic and geographical zones of residence

BACKGROUND. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common endocrine disorders and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its age-related characteristics in the population of Uzbekistan remain limited.

OBJECTIVE. To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with prediabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM based on screening data from the city of Andijan and the Markhamat district of the Andijan region, Uzbekistan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 3,400 individuals over 40 years of age were screened (1,800 in Markhamat district, 1,600 in Andijan city) using the FINDRISC questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D levels, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters, and HOMA-IR index were assessed in 205 subjects with prediabetes, 102 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, and 60 controls. Prediabetes and T2DM were diagnosed according to WHO criteria.

RESULTS. Mean vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with prediabetes and T2DM compared to the control group (p<0.05). The most severe deficiency was observed in patients with T2DM, especially among women and individuals aged 45–59 and 60–74 years. In Andijan city, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 100% of T2DM patients, while in Markhamat district the prevalence reached 40.3%.

CONCLUSIONS. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with prediabetes and T2DM, with severity increasing with age and more pronounced in women. These findings highlight the need for routine monitoring of serum 25(OH)D and preventive strategies in high-risk groups.

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