Стратегия профилактики ожирения среди детей школьного возраста (обзор литературы)

Ожирение является одной из наиболее серьезных угроз для здоровья и жизни людей, увеличивая риск возникновения многих заболеваний, включая сахарный диабет 2-го типа, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, артриты и некоторые формы рака. Это актуальная проблема для Российской Федерации. Каждый второй взрослый в нашей стране имеет повышенную массу тела или ожирение. Однако объективная оценка распространенности этой патологии у детей чрезвычайно затруднена. В настоящее время в России нет единой общепринятой системы антропометрии у детей. Данные отдельных исследований свидетельствуют о том, что число детей с повышенной массой тела и ожирением в РФ может достигать 10%. Основные факторы риска ожирения во внутриутробном периоде и в первый год жизни ребенка: курение матери во время беременности, быстрый набор массы тела ребенка в первый год жизни, искусственное вскармливание и раннее введение прикорма. В более старшем возрасте основными факторами риска являются высококалорийное питание, недостаточность физических упражнений и малоподвижный образ жизни. Международное экспертное сообщество определило стратегии профилактики, которые будут способствовать ликвидации проблемы ожирения у детей. Эти стратегии включают внедрение единой системы оценки физического развития ребенка с измерением индекса массы тела в соответствии с рекомендациями Всемирной организации здравоохранения; подготовка педиатров к использованию этой системы и эффективному консультированию по профилактике ожирения; программы профилактики ожирения среди детей в школах. Необходимо, чтобы врачи и педагоги понимали важность профилактики ожирения для здоровья ребенка. Руководители здравоохранения и образования должны активно поддерживать профилактические мероприятия и обеспечивать общедоступность физических упражнений и здорового питания в школах. Программа «Альфа-Эндо» будет способствовать всем этим инициативам.

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