A hundred and fifty patients with types 1 (n = 90) and 2 (n = 60) diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined to elucidate its clinical picture and its relationship to psychophysiological parameters. Hypernosognosia with anxiety and hypochondria was found to be more common in high-anxiety persons with a preponderance of inhibitory processes, with a low agility of nervous processes, a low need for activities and familiarization of disciplines, low levels of activation, activities, vitality, and a high emotional response to a situation. Hyponosognosia is associated with a low anxiety, a preponderance of excitative processes, with a high agility of nervous processes, a great need for activities and familiarization of disciplines, a prompt performance of operations while making any activity, and a low emotionality. The found specific features suggest that there is a relationship of the psychodynamic traits of a personality to the formation of the type of an attitude to the disease. For adequate correction of DM, when an aid delivered to the patients, it is necessary to take into account their psychodynamic traits, i e. the predominance of excitative or inhibitory processes, the agility of nervous processes, the need for activities, the speed of its performance, the level of anxiety and emotional responsiveness, which determine the type of an attitude to the disease.

The setting up of a vitreoretinal surgery department "Eye Diabetes" and the introduction of the basic rates of medical officers into the structure of an anesthesiological department have increased the flow of patients referred for surgical treatment at the expense of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The charges for purchase of diagnostic equipment and medicines, those for additional rates of medical officers are compensated for by the increased activity. The active treatment-and-prevention tactics allows detection of DM, preoperative correction without hospitalization to a speciailized hospital, by reducing the time of preoperative preparation. By taking into account the experience in working with patients with DM and their great need for eye surgical aid, the authors consider it necessary to develop an endocrinological service in future and to set up new medical surgical centers of this specialty.

The use of an insulin pump and a glycemia monitoring system affords an opportunity for achieving the goal levels of carbohydrate metabolism, by simultaneously increasing the quality of life. A close loop system under development, which comprises a glycemia monitoring device and an insulin pump, will allow the required amount of insulin to be automatically injected according the level of glycemia at the given moment.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is on the Increase in the world from year to year. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of DM and other carbohydrate metabolic disturbances in the adult population (aged 45 years or more) living in an area of the Republic of Lithuania in 2003 to 2004, depending on age and gender, and the rate of DM risk factors. A random adult sample comprised 116 adults (561 males and 555 females). A questionnaire survey was conducted; anthropometric indices were defined. Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by the 1999 World Health Organization's recommendations. The prevalence of DM2 was 5 0%; that of glucose intolerance and impaired fasting glycemia was 22.3 and 10.8%, respectively. The prevalence of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances tended to increase with age. In patients with DM, the rate of its risk factors is much higher than that in individuals with normal carbohydrate metabolism.

Monitoring of body mass in the dwellers of this or that region is of indisputable value for practical public health. The sample size (n = 1,500) required to study of the prevalence of obesity among the population was calculated in terms of the size of the population of the Republic of Daghestan, by using the well-known formula. The median of age was 27 years, from 14 to 79 years, its mean was 34 years; the standard deviation was 17.4. The distribution of the obtained values of the body mass index did not correspond to the normal values. The median of body mass indices was 23.9 from 13.95 to 50.15 respectively; quartiles (25%:75%) were 21.45:27.56; percentiles (5%:95%) were (18.59 33.98); the mean was 24.87; the standard deviation was 4.83%. Out of the 1,500 examinees, 65 (4.3%) persons had a low body mass; 801 (53.4%) had a normal body mass; and 416 (27.7%) had an excessive one. Obesity was observed in 218 (14.5%) examinees, including first-, second-, and third-degree obesity in 164 (10.9%), 43 (2.9%), and 11 (0.7%) examinees, respectively. There were some differences (statistically insignificant in some cases) in body mass and obesity in relation to the place of residence (a climatic and geographical zone, town-village), gender, and ethnicity.

The present paper deals with the differential prolactin diagnosis of pituitary adenomas with moderate prolactin hyperproduction and hormonally inactive pituitary adenomas. Sixty patients with gross pituitary adenomas were examined. Morphological analysis of in-traoperative samples included histological, immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to hormones of the adenohypophysis. There was a probable frequency of prolactin-secreting tumors among gross pituitary adenomas proceeding with moderate hyperprolactinemia (25%) and that of hormonally inactive pituitary adenomas among the tumors regarded as prolactinomas (16%) in the preoperative period.

The hormonal activity and the duration of an active phase of the disease are important factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of organ and system complications decreasing lifespan in patients with acromegaly. A hundred and forty patients with active acromegaly were examined to determine the age-related features of the course of the disease. According to the age by the moment of the examination, all the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 14 patients aged 20-39 years; 2) 72 patients aged 40-59 years; and 3) 54 patients aged 60 years or more. The mean age at the onset of disease was 27.5±1.9, 37.5±1.0, and 51.2±1.2 years in Groups 1, 2, and3, respectively (p - 0.000); the duration of a latent period being 3.8±0.7, 6.2±0 6, and 9.3±0 8years (p <0.002). The mean level of growth hormone as an indicator of secretory activity was 58.6±15.3, 41.2±5.9, and 20.5+3.5 ng/ml, respectively (P_1-3 - 0.007). In patients aged over 50 years at the onset of disease, the major factor of pathogenesis that negatively affected their survival is the duration of an active phase that favored the development of cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic diseases and malignant neoplasms, the severity of which substantially limits the capacity of a surgical intervention. The administration of somatostatin analogues in relative smaller doses is a more preferable treatment option. It is inadvisable to use dopamine agonists (without sensitivity being kept in mind) and radiotherapy (in an old age group).