Dystopia of the thyroid gland to the root of the tongue in a patient with hypothyroidism and pituitary adenoma

Abstract

The pathology of the embryonic development of the thyroid gland includes dystopias of the thyroid gland due to impaired migration of the median primordium, various types of non-closure of the thyroid-lingual duct, leading to the formation of cysts and fistulas, the development of additional thyroid tissue along the thyroid-lingual duct.

The clinical picture of dystopia of the thyroid gland into the root of the tongue is composed of the state of function and gland and mechanical manifestations of an increase in its size [4]. The function of a dystopic thyroid gland varies from severe forms of hypothyroidism (HT) to hyperthyroidism, the latter being much less common [1]. Of the dysfunctions in patients with the lingual thyroid gland, hypertension predominates, and often such patients are diagnosed with congenital hypertension. With a normal level of thyroid hormones, the disease manifests itself only with the development of goiter from a dystopian gland: there are signs of impaired swallowing, breathing, bleeding, patients may complain of a foreign body sensation and sore throat, dry cough, nausea [10]. Cancer can sometimes develop from a dystopic thyroid gland, although the likelihood of malignancy is small and does not exceed that for a normally located thyroid gland [3].