Oxidative stress: clinical and metabolic parameters and a polymorphic marker of the catalase gene in the development of retinopathy in patients with type II diabetes

General clinical and ophthalmological parameters, serum lipids and lipid peroxides are studied in 43 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes NIDDM). The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and incidence of alleles of catalase (CA T) gene polymorphous marker, two key enzymes in antioxidant defense, are assessed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR+ and DR-). The DR+ group was characterized by a longer duration of diabetes, a shift of the lipid spectrum towards a higher atherogenicity, and a disproportion between serum level of malonic di aldehyde and SOD activity. No notable differences in the distribution of 7 alleles of CA T gene were noted. Division of patients into groups with different duration of NIDDM (more or less than 10 years) showed more pronounced differences between the DR+ and DRgroups. Maximal and significant differences in the metabolic (blood lipid spectrum) and genetic parameters (prevalence of a CAT gene allele) were observed between the DR+ subgroup with NIDDM duration of less than 10 years and the DRsubgroup with NIDDM longer than 10 years. Hence, consideration for diabetes duration as a factor of DR risk and use of the case-control "polar" clinical phenotype confirmed the contribution of oxidative stress to development of angiopathy and demonstrated the potentialities of CA Tgene polymorphous marker in studies of the genetic liability or resistance to disease depending on the balance between free radicals and antioxidant defense.

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