The use of metformin IUD in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with vascular lesions of the retina

Abstract

Retinal microvascular lesions, maculopathy are found in elderly patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly more often than in patients without diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is diagnosed in 16-21% of cases in patients with newly diagnosed type II diabetes [10].

An important problem remains the identification of initial changes in the retina and their treatment in the early stages [2, 3, 8]. The results of studies by many authors [1, 5, 8] showed that poor compensation of diabetes contributed to the adverse course of retinopathy, rather than the patient’s age or duration of the disease [4, 9]. Long-term hyperglycemia leads to early anatomical and functional disorders in the blood vessels of the eyes - a thickening of the basement membrane, a decrease in the viability of endothelial cells, and loss of pericytes. These structural changes increase retinal capillary permeability, as a result of which the protein seeps into the surface and deep layers of the retina, contributing to the formation of soft and hard exudates.

Regardless of the level of glycemia, elevated serum lipoproteins are a risk factor for the development of DR in middle-aged and older patients [6].